在雅思阅读中借鉴写作思路

 　　许多学生认为，动辄900-1000字的阅读文章对于只有150和250字的雅思作文借鉴意义不大，事实上，两者在主题、构思、句式、用词等方面有着很大的相似性。本文中，专家将就此一一说明：

　　1. 主题性

　　阅读文章和雅思写作题目涵盖的范围比较广，具有极强的主题性，其重合话题有：环境、社会、教育三大方面。阅读文章的内容能帮助考生更好地理解题目的文化背景，积累观点素材，在备考过程中，考生可以将这两项结合起来。

　　剑四test 2的reading passage 1"Lost for Words"极好的回答了雅思一道较难的文化类考题：what are the reasons for the loss of many cultures and languages? How to solve this problem?"

　　许多学生因为缺少对这一背景的了解而无从下手，我们完全可以看看这篇阅读文章提供了哪些素材：

　　1 "What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children, it is relatively¹ safe。"

　　2 "…people reject the language of their parents… It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society…"

　　3 "Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity²。"

　　4 "… They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English…"

　　这些都是十分准确而又全面的回答，说明了许多语言丧失的原因，甚至连语言丧失对于文化的连带影响也有所涉及："Language is also intimately bound with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other。"

　　这篇文章在后文也对如何解决这一问题做出了回答：

　　" …a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst prediction from coming true….'apprentice³' programs have provided life support t several indigenous⁴ languages。"

　　值得注意的是，这篇阅读文章的结构是遵循"背景—原因—解决方式"的架构来安排的，对于写作结构也有很好的架构作用。

　　2.流程图的描述

　　2010年雅思写作Task I图画题频现，许多学生不太熟悉流程图，对于如何描述其过程极为担心。其实分析发现，这样的句式在说明型的阅读文章中屡见不鲜，这类阅读文章常常涉及某个事物的发展过程或者制作方式，其遣词造句都是可以进行学习和利用。

　　剑五Test 2 Reading passage 1是一篇关于对现代塑料的说明文章，其中有一段就是对塑料制作过程的描述，很多句式都可以"拿来我用"。

　　首先是对这一流程的总体概括"The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde were initially⁵ combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle。" 我们可以根据这个句式来描写2009年9月一道关于玻璃瓶子回收过程的题目，如：

　　A three-stage process is outlined, in which the used bottles are collected and re-produced in the plant. "

　　接着，制作过程中的细节按照先后顺序铺开，并结合被动语态与准确的动词选择："The resin⁶ was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced, including…. . In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape …"，其中的"cool, break, grind, pour"等动词都是在工作流程中的高频词汇。"then, in the last stage"也可以作为极好的连接过渡词。

　　剑五Test 4 Reading passage 2关于强化玻璃的说明文中也有类似的描述句式："… used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by fragments of nickel alloys⁷ falling into the molten glass. As the glass is heated, these atoms react to form …"其中的"be used to, introduce, melt, heat"也都可以用在描述中。

　　3.图表的描述

　　由于阅读文章中也不乏对于数据的说明，我们也很容易找到可以在雅思图表作文中使用的句式。

　　剑四 Test 2 Reading passage 2中的一段"According to…, 18% of patients…; 12% suffer from…, which is only 1% more than those…. . Those suffering from… represents 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage. … represent 6% and 5% respectively, and a further 4% see… "

　　这是一段很好的排序段范例，在描写数据的同时也比较了大小，句式变化多样，考生也不妨学习一下。

　　4.辩论文章观点的表述

　　尽管没有与雅思写作辩论文章完全对应的形式，阅读文章中也有很多可以效仿的观点表述句式，与学生动辄"some people think…"的单调表述相比，其表达生动多样。在此进行了一些总结：

　　如"… reject this, pointing out that… "， "When it comes to…,…"， "… believe the main reason for… is…"， "there is a widespread belief that…"， "It was once assumed that…. . However,…"， "There is an abundance of evidence to support the belief that…" , "the answer to… depends on…"，等。

　　总之，作为较为正式的英文表达，雅思阅读是极好的写作模仿对象。考生可以从阅读文章里汲取许多好的句式，以克服在日常写作中"中式英语"的问题。

　　5. 用词

　　雅思写作对词汇的要求主要是准确性和多样性，许多学生对这一标准没有明确的认识和把握，而在阅读文章中可以很清楚地了解到什么样的词汇更适合书面表达。

1 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

2 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

3 apprentice   

n.学徒，徒弟

参考例句：

• My son is an apprentice in a furniture maker's workshop.我的儿子在一家家具厂做学徒。
• The apprentice is not yet out of his time.这徒工还没有出徒。

4 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

5 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

6 resin   

n.树脂，松香，树脂制品；vt.涂树脂

参考例句：

• This allyl type resin is a highly transparent, colourless material.这种烯丙基型的树脂是一种高度透明的、无色材料。
• This is referred to as a thixotropic property of the resin.这种特性叫做树脂的触变性。

7 alloys   

n.合金( alloy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This is essentially a development of thoria dispersion strengthened nickel alloys. 这基本上是用二氧化钍弥散强度化的镍基合金。 来自辞典例句
• The lack of deep hardening in these alloys negates their use. 这些合金缺乏深层硬化能力使它们无法利用。 来自辞典例句