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雅思阅读文章中的定位词分析

时间:2015-04-06 06:14来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   雅思定位词在文章中出现的第一种也是最常见的一种变身是“同义替换”,这包含同义词或同义词组。

  剑6,Test4的Q9:Kim Schaefer’s marketing1 technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds。题目中定位词为moral,在文章中定位,我们会在文章第三段中定位到“Selling pharmaceuticals2 is a daily exercise in ethical3 judgment”,而其中ethical即为moral的同义词。
  雅思定位词在文章中出现的第二种变身是“近义替换”,这包含近义词或近义词组。
  剑7,Test1的Q8:However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied4 in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of the seabed。 此题为在原文中选词填空的摘要题,定位词为“calculate”和“seabed”, 在文章中我们会定位到“Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship”。此处“measure”即为“calculate”的近义词,而“sea”即为“seabed”的上义词。
  雅思定位词在文章中出现的第三种变身是“派生词”。
  剑6,Test3的Q33:Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic。此题为分类题,定位词为“diabetic”,在文章中定位,我们能定位到句子“…and they have more normal blood glucose5 levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes6, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels)”。题目中定位词“diabetic”为名词,意为“糖尿病患者”,而文章中的“diabetes”也为名词,但意为“糖尿病”,是 “diabetic”的派生词。
  雅思定位词在文章中出现的第四种变身是“反义词的否定形式”。
  Sticking Power中的Q15:What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface。
  此题属于人名理论配对,题目中定位词为 detach。到文章中去定位,我们会定位到“’There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment’ says Stas Gorb”,句中attachment实际上为detach的反义词attach的名词形式,而reversible表示可逆的,因此 reversible attachment即为detach的反义词(组)的否定形式。
  雅思定位词在文章中出现的第五种变身是“上义词/词组”。
  剑6,Test3的Q28:Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此题为是非无判断题,定位词为“drugs”,在文章中定位,我们能在文章第一段定位到“As researchers on aging noted7 recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular8 and cellular9 damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。文章中“treatment”即为定位词“drugs”的上义词。
  雅思定位词在文章中出现的第六种变身是“下义词/词组”。
  剑5,Test3的Q27:how AI might have a military impact。此题为段落信息配对题,定位词为“military”,在文章中定位,我们会在E段定位到“HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged10 vehicles on a battlefield or …”,句中“battlefield”即为“military”的下义词。
  雅思定位词在文章中出现的第七种变身是“原词”,即没有变身。这种情况多发生在定位词是专有名词、专业术语或实义名词时。
  剑7,Test3的Q28:Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community,此题为是非无判断题,定位词为“Nordic countries”。在文章中定位,我们能够在第一段定位到“Those confined to particular geographical11 areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean12 or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded”,句中的“Nordic countries”即为定位词原词。

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1 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
2 pharmaceuticals be065c8a4af3a2d925d11969faac34cf     
n.医药品;药物( pharmaceutical的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the development of new pharmaceuticals 新药的开发
  • The companies are pouring trillions of yen into biotechnology research,especially for pharmaceuticals and new seeds. 这些公司将大量资金投入生物工艺学研究,尤其是药品和新种子方面。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 ethical diIz4     
adj.伦理的,道德的,合乎道德的
参考例句:
  • It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
  • It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
4 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
5 glucose Fyiyz     
n.葡萄糖
参考例句:
  • I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
  • The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。
6 diabetes uPnzu     
n.糖尿病
参考例句:
  • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
  • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
7 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
8 molecular mE9xh     
adj.分子的;克分子的
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
9 cellular aU1yo     
adj.移动的;细胞的,由细胞组成的
参考例句:
  • She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
  • Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。
10 camouflaged c0a09f504e272653daa09fa6ec13da2f     
v.隐蔽( camouflage的过去式和过去分词 );掩盖;伪装,掩饰
参考例句:
  • We camouflaged in the bushes and no one saw us. 我们隐藏在灌木丛中没有被人发现。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • They camouflaged in bushes. 他们隐蔽在灌木丛中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 geographical Cgjxb     
adj.地理的;地区(性)的
参考例句:
  • The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
  • These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。
12 Mediterranean ezuzT     
adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
  • Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。
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