雅思阅读长难句长难句解读

　　Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means¹ by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality² of opportunity and hard work are protected.

　　结构：全句有3个谓语动词：is, is和are protected。其中主句的是：is, is。全句由两个有递进关系的单句构成。其中，which引导的是定语从句，修饰the means。句子可被拆分为：

　　1. Competition is not only good in itself.

　　2. It is the means.

　　3. Other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity and hard work are protected by these means.

　　翻译：竞争不但本身就是好事，还是其他基本的美国价值观如个人自由，机会平等和勤奋工作等得到保护的手段。

　　When we talk about someone’s personality³, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

　　结构：全句有4组谓语动词：talk，mean，acts/speaks/thinks/feels和make。其中主句的是：mean。句首是When 引导的时间状语从句。之后which引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句都是修饰the ways的。句子可以拆分为：

　　1. We talk about someone’s personality.

　　2. We mean the ways.

　　3. He or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels in these ways.

　　4. These make that individual different from others.

　　翻译：当我们谈到某个人的个性时，我们指的是他/她在行为，言谈和思考以及感觉等方面的方式。这些方式使这个人区别于他人。

　　The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining⁴ real happiness.

　　结构： 全句有3个谓语动词：hold，equals和reduce。其中主句的是reduces。句子主干为：The way actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness。The way 后面是省略了which/that的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还有一个that引导的同位语从句，修饰the belief。句子可以拆分为：

　　1. This way actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.

　　2. A fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness.

　　3. People hold to this belief.

　　First it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed.

　　结构： 全句有3个谓语动词：will pass，will tear和is。其中主句的是will pass。句子主干是it will pass through sharp metal bars。第一个which引导的定语从句修饰的是sharp metal bars。第二个which引导的定语从句修饰的是the plastic bags。这是大定语从句里面还有一个小定语从句。句子可以拆分为：

　　1. First it will pass through sharp metal bars.

　　2. The metal bars will tear open the plastic bags.

　　3. Rubbish is usually packed in the bags.

　　翻译：首先，垃圾要通过尖的金属棒，金属棒会把装垃圾的塑料袋弄破。

1 means   

n.方法，手段，折中点，物质财富

参考例句：

• That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
• We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。

2 equality   

n.等同性，同等，平等，相等，等式

参考例句：

• They are fighting for the equality of women.她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。
• Women must battle on until they have gained equality.妇女必须坚奋战到底，直至取得平等权利。

3 personality   

n.个性，人格，名人

参考例句：

• Einstein was a great personality.爱因斯坦是个伟大的人物。
• She has a powerful personality.她有坚强的个性。

4 attaining   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的现在分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot's licence. 吉姆就快要拿到飞行员执照了。
• By that time she was attaining to fifty. 那时她已快到五十岁了。