雅思听力中的关键词后置现象如何处理

 　　雅思听力关键词后置1. 前置定语结构

　　前置定语在考题中出现的形式为“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出现名词或形容词的关键词。

　　在录音中则经常通过修辞结构和句子结构的改变，将关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21

　　--Read IT ___________.

　　录音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把名词前置定语变成分词后置定语，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 3 Question 30

　　--Excellent ___________.

　　录音：F: OK, any other comments?

　　M: I thought student support was excellent.

　　解析：通过句子结构的改变，完成关键词后置。

　　例3：Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 3 Question 24

　　--Reduced ___________ for students.

　　录音：students pay an annual fee that’s much less than the general public pay.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把形容词前置定语变成从句后置定语，完成关键词后置，同时伴随reduced的同意转换。

　　雅思听力关键词后置2. 后置定语结构

　　后置定语在考题中出现的形式为“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出现关键词如“名词-介词(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名词-分词”。

　　在录音中则经常通过修辞结构和句子结构的改变，将名词关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15

　　--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.

　　录音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把介词短语后置定语变成名词前置定语，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 22

　　--Spoken to Jane Prince

　　Head of the _____________.

　　录音：F: Jane Prince, do you know her? She’s in the Computer Centre.

　　M: Yes, of course, she is the new head.

　　解析：通过句子结构的改变，完成关键词后置。

　　例3： Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32

　　--New technology allowed the production of goods made of ________ and ________

　　录音：The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把分词后置定语变成名词前置定语，完成关键词后置。

　　小结：

　　1和2类关键词后置通常出现于Section2-4的大表格填空中。

　　考生须要在读题时事先判断易出现关键词后置的题目，并且对答案进行预测;而后在听题时利用预测捕捉答案，后置的关键词起确认答案的作用。

　　因此在平时的学习中要熟悉听力题目中常见的容易出现关键词后置的结构，培养视觉敏感度;并且熟练掌握语法上定语结构的转换。

　　雅思听力关键词后置3. 主谓宾结构

　　主谓宾在考题中出现的形式为“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出现名词(主语)和动词(谓语)的关键词。

　　在录音中则经常通过主语和宾语位置的调换，以及谓语主动被动之间的转换，或者其它句式变化，将名词关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12

　　--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.

　　--National services depart from _____________ railway station.

　　录音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute¹ lines and regional services.

　　M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.

　　F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.

　　解析：Q11通过主语宾语的位置调换，Q12通过句型转换，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14

　　--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.

　　录音：There’s a buffet² car, though refreshments³ are included in the cost of a first class ticket.

　　解析：通过主语宾语的位置调换，完成关键词后置，伴随price-cost的同意转换。

　　例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38

　　--The first motion picture was called The__________________.

　　录音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.

　　解析：通过句型转换，完成关键词后置，伴随motion picture-movie的同意转换。

　　雅思听力关键词后置4. 从句结构

　　从句在考题中出现的形式为“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出现从句连接词(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。

　　在录音中则通过调换连接词前后分句的次序，将填空前的关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37

　　--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.

　　--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.

　　录音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis⁴ to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.

　　解析：通过调换从句中两个分句的位置，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40

　　--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.

　　录音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.

　　解析：通过调换从句中两个分句的位置，完成关键词后置。

　　3和4类关键词后置通常出现于Section2-4的句子填空中。

　　考生须要在读题时事先判断易出现关键词后置的题目，并且对答案进行预测;而后在听题时利用预测捕捉答案，后置的关键词起确认答案的作用。

　　因此在平时的学习中要熟悉听力题目中常见的容易出现雅思听力关键词后置，培养视觉敏感度;并且熟练掌握语法上主谓宾结构和从句结构的转换。

1 commute   

vi.乘车上下班；vt.减(刑)；折合；n.上下班交通

参考例句：

• I spend much less time on my commute to work now.我现在工作的往返时间要节省好多。
• Most office workers commute from the suburbs.很多公司的职员都是从郊外来上班的。

2 buffet   

n.自助餐；饮食柜台；餐台

参考例句：

• Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding?你想在婚礼中摆桌宴还是搞自助餐？
• Could you tell me what specialties you have for the buffet?你能告诉我你们的自助餐有什么特色菜吗？

3 refreshments   

n.点心,便餐;(会议后的)简单茶点招 待

参考例句：

• We have to make a small charge for refreshments. 我们得收取少量茶点费。
• Light refreshments will be served during the break. 中间休息时有点心供应。

4 crisis   

n.危机，危急关头，决定性时刻，关键阶段

参考例句：

• He had proved that he could be relied on in a crisis.他已表明，在紧要关头他是可以信赖的。
• The topic today centers about the crisis in the Middle East.今天课题的中心是中东危机。