雅思倒计时基本功训练:过去完成时的深化

 Part I：单词与短语

　　the Mediterranean¹ Sea 地中海；in the Mediterranean在地中海地区；settle² down (动词短语)安顿下来；even though (表让步关系)虽然，尽管；continually³ adv.断断续续地；bitterly⁴ cold 异常寒冷；sunshine n.阳光；get a shock (动词短语)感到震惊

　　Part II：语法学习

　　1.过去完成时的深化

　　有关于过去完成时，我们前面已经探讨过，这里除了进一步的深化外，还将引出两个特定的过去完成时句式。

　　示例1：My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.(相对于returned to England，肯定是lived in the Mediterranean在前)

　　示例2：Before he came back, he had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. (发生在came back之前的动作行为)

　　示例3：Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.(表示的是在发生了后来的一连串的事情之前)

　　以下是两个非常有特色的过去完成时句型，比较多地强调或突出了两个动作之间时间间隔的短暂性。请特别注意它们的套用方式。

　　示例4：He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.

　　示例5：He had hardly returned when he bought a house and went to live there.

　　示例6：He had no sooner had time to settle down than he sold the house and left the country.

　　示例7：He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

　　2.虚拟语气的初步接触

　　概念解释：在初步接触虚拟语气时，我们只需知道这一点：虚拟语气实际上是“说废话”！为了从形式上体现出来，虚拟语气之处，时态倒退一级，因此，如果原来应该用一般现在时，现在用一般过去时；如果原来用一般将来时，现在用过去将来时；如果原来应该用一般过去时，现在用过去完成时！

　　示例1：If I were a girl, I would marry you.(说话者是个男的！是不是废话？)

　　示例2：In front of them, I will act as if I did not know you.(不认识你是装出来的，实际上是认识的)

　　Part III：综合训练

　　My old friend, Harrison, (1) lived in the Mediterranean (2) many years (3) he returned to England. He (4) often dreamed of (5 retire) in England (6) (7) planned (8) settle down in the country. He (9) no sooner returned (10) he (11 buy) a house (12) went to live there. Almost immediately he began (13) complain about the weather, (14) even (15) it was still summer, it rained continually (16) it was bitterly cold. (17) so many years of sunshine, Harrison got (18) a shock (19) he acted as if he (20) never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear (21) he (22) hardly had time to settle down (23) he (24 sell) the house (25) (26 leave) the country. The dream he (27) had for so many years (28 end) there. He (29) thought (30) everything except the weather.

　　答案：

　　(1) had; (2) for; (3) before; (4) had; (5) retiring; (6) and; (7) had; (8) to; (9) had; (10) than; (11) bought; (12) and; (13) to; (14) for; (15) though; (16) and; (17) After; (18) such; (19)that; (20) had; (21) and; (22) had; (23) when; (24) sold; (25) and; (26) left; (27) had; (28) ended; (29) had; (30) of

　　Part IV：句型转换与句子翻译

　　1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years. He returned to England.

　　2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England. He had planned to settle down in the country.

　　3. 她刚买了一辆轿车，接着就把它卖掉了。(用两种形式翻译)

　　4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather. Even though it was still summer, it rained continually. It was bitterly cold.

　　5. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before.

　　6. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

　　7. 他多年的梦想就此破灭了。

　　8. 他之前把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没有想到天气。

　　答案：

　　1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.

　　2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.

　　3. She had no sooner bought a car than she sold it. // She had hardly bought a car when she sold it.

　　4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was bitterly cold.

　　5. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got such a shock that he acted as if he had never lived in England before.

　　6. In the end, it was more than he could bear and //, so // he had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

　　7. The dream he had had for so many years ended there.

　　8. He had thought of everything except the weather.

1 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

2 settle   

vi.安家；定居；停留；vt.使定居；安排；解决

参考例句：

• I have to settle my affairs before leaving here.离开这儿以前，我得把一些私人的事情安排妥当。
• She has decided how she should settle the matter.她已做出决定如何来了解这件事。

3 continually   

adv.不间断地，不停地；多次重复地

参考例句：

• The other kids continually taunted him about his size.其他孩子不断地耻笑他的个头儿。
• The US is continually building up its armed forces.美军正持续加强它的三军。

4 bitterly   

adv.苦涩地；痛苦地；不痛快地；残酷地

参考例句：

• The development was bitterly opposed by the local community. 这一开发项目遭到了当地社区的愤怒抵制。
• They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。