英文药品说明书的写法（十一）

  　　上述10项是绝大多数英文药品说明书中必备项目，但是许多说明书中还常常出现其他一些项目。例如：

　　1、特点（Characteristics）

　　2、性质（Properties）

　　3、药代动力学（Phamacokinetics）

　　4、用药过量（Overdosage）

　　5、相互作用（Interactions）

　　6、有效期（Validity）

　　7、其他可能出现的项目。

　　现将各项简要分述如下：

　　1、Characteristics（特点）或Features（特点）的主要内容是药物的药理作用特点、疗效、剂量及药物代谢等。所以本项内的英语词汇及结构特点与“药理学”、“剂量”等项内容相似。

　　例1 Characteristics：

　　1）Asverin Is an entirely¹ new and patented cough medicine developed by Tanabe‘s rocess.

　　2）Asverin being a non-narcotic， can be used as a common medicine.

　　3）Antitussive effect of Asverin is equal to or more powerful than that of codeine.

　　4）Asverin is provided with an expectoranting action which has been never found in any conventional antitussitive agents so far available in the market.

　　5）Asverin can be administered safely for a long duration without any sideeffect.

　　特点1）安嗽灵是一种全新的、获有专利的用塔那勃氏方法研制的镇咳药。

　　2）安嗽灵属非麻醉药，可作为常用药使用。

　　3）安嗽灵的镇咳作用相当于或强于可待因。

　　4）安嗽灵的祛痰作用是迄今市场上可买到的常用镇咳药中前所未有的。

　　5）安嗽灵可长期服用，既安全又无副作用。

　　2. Properties（Property）（性质）：本项内容与Characteristics 基本相同。

　　例2 Methotrexate （MTX） is an antimetabolite of folic acid which has been used for a long time in thechemotherapy of tumours².

　　氨甲叶酸（简称MTX）为甲酰四氢叶酸的抗代谢物，长期以来一直用作治疗肿瘤的化疗药物。

　　例3 Unlike nitroglycerine， it is not rapidly inactivated³ in the liver and a reliable clinical effect can be expected. Toxicity⁴ is low-effects are minimal⁵ with Motazomin.

　　脉心导敏与硝酸甘油不同，在肝脏不能迅速失活，因而可望具有可靠的临床效果，本品毒性小，副作用极为轻微。

　　例4 Urgenin acts as an anti-inflammatory， reducing the swelling⁶ in the prostatic bladder region caused by general obstruction⁷. It also stimulates⁸ the blood circulation in this area and the body‘s natural defence mechanism⁹.

　　护前列腺素具有抗炎作用，能减轻前列腺膀胱区因一般性梗阻引起的肿胀，本品能刺激上述部位的血液循环，并增加机体的自然防御机制。

　　例5 Medomin induces restorative sleep lasting¹⁰ 6-8 hours. Because it is rapidly and completely broken down in the body， it is unlikely to produce morning hangover and does not cumulate. It retains its full activity even when used repeatedly.

　　美多眠可使消除疲劳的睡眠持续6～8小时；由于本品在体内能迅速和完全分解，因而不会产生清晨的“残留作用。也没有积蓄作用。即使经常服用，本品仍能保持充分的活性。

　　3.Pharmacokinetics（药物代谢动力学） 的内容王要是代谢（metabolism），吸收（absorption），分布与排泄（distribution and elimination¹¹）等：

　　例6 Ampicillin is stable in the presence of gastic acid and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract¹² （30-60% of a dose being absorbed by this route）。 Its absorpt-ion， however， is diminished when it is taken fogether with food.

　　氨苄青霉素在胃酸中稳定。而且易被胃肠道吸收（30～60％的一次剂量经此途径吸收）然而与食物共服，其吸收减少。

　　例7 The absolute bioavailability of Miacalic fouowing intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is approximately 70％。 Its peak plasma¹³ concentration is attained¹⁴ within one hour and it has half-life of elimination of 70－90 minutes.Up to 95% of the dose is excreted via the kidneys， 2% as unchanged drug. The apparent volume of distribution is 0.15～0.31／kg and protein binding¹⁵ 30～40％。

　　肌注或者下注射后。密钙息的绝对生物利用率约为70％。1小时内其血药浓度可达高峰，其半衰期为 70～90分钟。高达95％的剂量经由肾脏排出，2％以其不变的药物原型排出。表观分布容积为0.15～0.31/kg、蛋白质结合率为 30～40％。 医.学教育网整理飞例8 Midazolam is completely metabolized in the body. The primary metabolite is a-hydroxy-midazolam， which can be traced in the plasma. Immediately after its formation， this active metabolite is conjugated¹⁷ with glucuronic acid（inactlvation）and then eliminated by the kidneys.

　　速眠安在体内代谢完全，主要的代谢产物为a-羟基速眠安，可在血浆中查出。代谢产物形成后，此活性代谢物便立即与葡萄糖醛酸结合（失活），然后由肾脏排出。

　　4. Overdosage（超剂量，药物过量）主要介绍用药过量所产生的后果（effect），症状（signs and symptoms）及处理（treatment）方法。其英语词汇和结构等与“剂量与用法”，“副作用”，“注意事项”等项目中的词汇和结构相似。

　　例9 Overdosage may give rise to the following signs and symptoms： tremor¹⁸， xcitation， convulsions， changes in blood pressure impairment of consciousness， and coma¹⁹. EEG and ECG changes may also occur.

　　Treatment： Measures to monitor and safeguard vital functions. Administration of diazepam wherenecessary.

　　超剂量可能引起下列体征和症状：震颤、兴奋、痉挛、血压改变、意识损害及昏迷。心电图和脑电图也可能发生改变。

　　治疗：采取措施监护重要器官的功能。必要时给予安定。

　　例10 Manifestations²⁰ of Halcion overdosage include extensions of its pharmacological activity， namely somnolence²¹ and hypnosis. As in all cases of drug overdosage， respiration²²， pulse， and blood pressure should be monitored and supported by general measures when necessary. Immediate¹⁶ gastric²³ lavage should be performed. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway²⁴ maintained.

　　好尔睡服用过量的表现是其药理活性的扩展，即嗜睡和催眠。像处理所有药物过量的病例一样，必须对呼吸、脉搏和血压进行监测，必要时采用通用措施，应立即洗胃、静脉输液，并保持呼吸道畅通。

1 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

2 tumours   

肿瘤( tumour的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Blood vessels develop abnormally in cancer tumours. 在癌肿瘤中血管出现不正常。
• This apparatus scans patients' brains for tumours. 这台仪器扫描检查病人的脑瘤。

3 inactivated   

v.使不活泼，阻止活动( inactivate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Molluscicides are quickly inactivated by sunlight and adsorption to mud organic matter. 灭螺剂因阳光作用、泥土及有机物质的吸收会很快失效。 来自辞典例句
• Viruses were inactivated by BPL and the toxicity measured again. BPL对病毒进行灭活，测定残存毒力。 来自互联网

4 toxicity   

n.毒性，毒力

参考例句：

• The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
• Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关，对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。

5 minimal   

adj.尽可能少的，最小的

参考例句：

• They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
• I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家，所以我的花费很小。

6 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

7 obstruction   

n.阻塞，堵塞；障碍物

参考例句：

• She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。
• The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。

8 stimulates   

v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 )；激励；使兴奋；起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用

参考例句：

• Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

10 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

11 elimination   

n.排除，消除，消灭

参考例句：

• Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
• I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。

12 tract   

n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林)

参考例句：

• He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
• He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。

13 plasma   

n.血浆，细胞质，乳清

参考例句：

• Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
• The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。

14 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

15 binding   

有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的

参考例句：

• The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

16 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

17 conjugated   

adj.共轭的，成对的v.列出（动词的）变化形式( conjugate的过去式和过去分词 )；结合，联合，熔化

参考例句：

• Hemoglobin can also be cross-linked to solublepolymers to form so-called conjugated hemoglobin. 血红蛋白也能交联到水溶性多聚体上，形成所谓的共轭血红蛋白。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Similar delocalization is found in other conjugated systems. 在其他共轭体系中，也发现类似的离域。 来自辞典例句

18 tremor   

n.震动，颤动，战栗，兴奋，地震

参考例句：

• There was a slight tremor in his voice.他的声音有点颤抖。
• A slight earth tremor was felt in California.加利福尼亚发生了轻微的地震。

19 coma   

n.昏迷，昏迷状态

参考例句：

• The patient rallied from the coma.病人从昏迷中苏醒过来。
• She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。

20 manifestations   

n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式）

参考例句：

• These were manifestations of the darker side of his character. 这些是他性格阴暗面的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• To be wordly-wise and play safe is one of the manifestations of liberalism. 明哲保身是自由主义的表现之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

21 somnolence   

n.想睡，梦幻；欲寐；嗜睡；嗜眠

参考例句：

• At length he managed to get him into a condition of somnolence. 他终于促使他进入昏昏欲睡的状态。 来自辞典例句
• A lazy somnolence descended on the crowd. 一阵沉沉欲睡的懒意降落在人群里面。 来自辞典例句

22 respiration   

n.呼吸作用；一次呼吸；植物光合作用

参考例句：

• They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.他们试做人工呼吸，可是无效。
• They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。

23 gastric   

adj.胃的

参考例句：

• Miners are a high risk group for certain types of gastric cancer.矿工是极易患某几种胃癌的高风险人群。
• That was how I got my gastric trouble.我的胃病就是这么得的。

24 airway   

n.空中航线，通风口

参考例句：

• Lay them on their side and ensure the airway is unobstructed.让他们侧躺着，并确保呼吸道畅通。
• There is a purple airway in London Airport.伦敦机场里有一条皇家专用飞机跑道。