中英双语散文佳作赏析：谈阅读 How to read

 　　How to read

　　谈阅读

　　Virginia Woolf

　　弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙

　　It is simple enough to say that since books have classes — fiction, biography, poetry — we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.

　　说来容易: 既然书有各种各样——小说、传记、诗歌——该把它们分门别类，并且各按其类来汲取每本书理应给予我们的内容。

　　Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred¹ and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish² all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning.

　　然而，很少人读书时想过书本能够提供些什么的问题。最普通的现象是，我们拿起书本时头脑不清醒，目标不一致，我们要求小说叙述真人实事，要求诗歌表现虚假，要求传记给人捧场，要求历史证实我们自己的偏见。如果我们能在打开书本之前先驱除掉这些先入为主的看法，那将是个值得庆幸的良好开端。

　　Do not dictate³ to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice⁴. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.

　　不要去指挥作者，要设身处地去替他设想，当他的合作者或同谋犯。如果你一开始便采取退缩矜持、有所保留或指指点点的态度，那你就在为自己设置障碍，使自己不能充分地从所阅读的书本中获到益处。

　　But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.

　　然而，如果你没有先入之见，虚怀若谷，那么，打开书本，隐晦曲折的字里行间，难以察觉的细微迹象的暗示便会向你展示一个与众不同的人。深入进去，沉浸其中，熟谙这一切，你会很快发现，书的作者正在，或努力在给予你一些十分明确的东西。

　　The thirty-two chapters of a novel — if we consider how to read a novel first — are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building: but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words.

　　一部小说——如果我们先考虑一下怎样阅读小说的话——要有32个章节，这道理实际上跟建造有形有状的楼房完全一样：只不文字不像砖块看得见摸得着；阅读比起观看是一个更漫长更复杂的过程。也许，要懂得作者写作过程中的细微末节，最简便的办法不是读而是写，亲自动手对字句的艰难险阻进行试验。

　　Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you — how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic⁵; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.

　　回想一件曾经给你留下深刻印象的事情——也许在大街的拐角处有两个人在聊天，你走过他们的身边。一棵树摇晃起来，一道电光飞舞而过，他们聊天的口气颇有喜剧味道，但也带悲剧色彩，那一瞬间似乎包含了一个完整的意象，一种完整的概念。

　　But when you attempt to reconstruct it in words, you will find that it breaks into a thousand conflicting impressions. Some must be subdued⁶; others emphasized; in the process you will lose, probably all grasp upon the emotion itself.

　　然而，你动手用文字来重新构造时，你发现这一切变成了千百个互相冲突的印象。有的要淡化，有的要突出；在写的过程里，你可能会失去你想捕捉的情感。

　　Then turn from your blurred and littered pages to the opening pages of some great novelist — Defoe, Jane Austen, Hardy⁷. Now you will be better able to appreciate their mastery. It is not merely that we are in the presence of a different person — Defoe, Jane Austen, or Thomas Hardy — but that we are living in a different world.

　　这时候，放下你写得稀里糊涂颠三倒四的东西，打开某些大小说家的小说读一读——笛福、简·奥斯汀、哈代。现在，你能欣赏他们的匠心功力了。我们不仅面临一个与众不同的人——笛福、简·奥斯丁或托马斯·哈代——我们还生活在一个与众不同的世界里。

　　Here, in Robinson Crusoe, we are trudging⁸ a plain high road; one thing happens after another; the fact and the order of the fact is enough. But if the open air and adventure mean everything to Defoe they mean nothing to Jane Austen. Hers is the drawing-room, and people talking, and by the many mirrors of their talk revealing their characters. And if, when we have accustomed ourselves to the drawing-room and its reflections, we turn to hardy, we are once more spun⁹ around.

　　在《鲁滨逊飘流记》里我们是在一条普普通通的公路上跋涉前进；只要事实和事实的先后次序便足够了。然而，如果说笛福看重的是野外生活和冒险行动，它们对简·奥斯丁来说却毫无意义。客厅才是她的天地，还有人们的谈天说地，她通过各种各样的表现谈话的镜子来揭示他们的性格。当我们习惯于这个客厅及其中闪烁多姿的映像以后又转而去阅读哈代，那我们又会晕头转向。

　　The moors¹⁰ are round us and the stars above our heads. The other side of the mind is now exposed — the dark side that comes uppermost in solitude¹¹, not the light side that shows in company. Our relations are not towards people, but towards Nature and destiny.

　　我们周围是沼泽，头顶上是星星。人性的另外一面被揭示了一孤独时得到突出表现的黑暗的一面，而不是与友朋相处时闪闪发亮的光明的一面。我们不是跟人而是跟大自然、跟命运发生关系。

　　Yet different as these worlds are, each is consistent with itself. The maker¹² of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective, and however great a strain they may put upon us they will never confuse us, as lesser¹³ writers so frequently do, by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book.

　　然而，这些世界虽然互不相同，它们各自却都统一谐调。每个世界的创造者都小心翼翼地遵守各自透视事物的法规，而且，不管他们给我们以多大负担，他们从来不会使我们感到迷惑，不像有些二流作家常常在同一本书里介绍两种完全不相同的现实，把读者弄得无所适从。

　　Thus to go from one great novelist to another — from Jane Austen to Hardy, from Peakcok to Trollope, from Scott to Meredith — is to be wrenched¹⁴ and uprooted¹⁵; to be thrown this way and then that. To read a novel is a difficult and complex art. You must be capable not only of great finesse¹⁶ of perception, but of great boldness of imagination if you are going to make use of all that the novelist — the great artist — gives you.

　　因此，从一位伟大的小说家到另一位——从简·奥斯丁到哈代，从皮科克到特罗洛普，从司各特到梅瑞狄斯——我们都要经受一场脱胎换骨、背井离乡的痛苦，被扔过来又赶过去。读小说是一门艰难复杂的艺术。你不仅要有高明的洞察秋毫的本事，你还要能够敢于进行大胆的想象，如果你想充分利用伟大的小说家——伟大的艺术家——所给予你的一切。

1 blurred   

v.（使）变模糊( blur的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）难以区分；模模糊糊；迷离

参考例句：

• She suffered from dizziness and blurred vision. 她饱受头晕目眩之苦。
• Their lazy, blurred voices fell pleasantly on his ears. 他们那种慢吞吞、含糊不清的声音在他听起来却很悦耳。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 banish   

vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除

参考例句：

• The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。
• He tried to banish gloom from his thought.他试图驱除心中的忧愁。

3 dictate   

v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令

参考例句：

• It took him a long time to dictate this letter.口述这封信花了他很长时间。
• What right have you to dictate to others?你有什么资格向别人发号施令？

4 accomplice   

n.从犯，帮凶，同谋

参考例句：

• She was her husband's accomplice in murdering a rich old man.她是她丈夫谋杀一个老富翁的帮凶。
• He is suspected as an accomplice of the murder.他涉嫌为这次凶杀案的同谋。

5 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

6 subdued   

adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He seemed a bit subdued to me. 我觉得他当时有点闷闷不乐。
• I felt strangely subdued when it was all over. 一切都结束的时候，我却有一种奇怪的压抑感。

7 hardy   

adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的

参考例句：

• The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
• He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。

8 trudging   

vt.& vi.跋涉，吃力地走（trudge的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• There was a stream of refugees trudging up the valley towards the border. 一队难民步履艰难地爬上山谷向着边境走去。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Two mules well laden with packs were trudging along. 两头骡子驮着沉重的背包，吃力地往前走。 来自辞典例句

9 spun   

v.纺，杜撰，急转身

参考例句：

• His grandmother spun him a yarn at the fire.他奶奶在火炉边给他讲故事。
• Her skilful fingers spun the wool out to a fine thread.她那灵巧的手指把羊毛纺成了细毛线。

10 moors   

v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• the North York moors 北约克郡的漠泽
• They're shooting grouse up on the moors. 他们在荒野射猎松鸡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 solitude   

n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方

参考例句：

• People need a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. 人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。
• They searched for a place where they could live in solitude. 他们寻找一个可以过隐居生活的地方。

12 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

13 lesser   

adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地

参考例句：

• Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
• She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及，但程度较轻。

14 wrenched   

v.（猛力地）扭( wrench的过去式和过去分词 )；扭伤；使感到痛苦；使悲痛

参考例句：

• The bag was wrenched from her grasp. 那只包从她紧握的手里被夺了出来。
• He wrenched the book from her hands. 他从她的手中把书拧抢了过来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 uprooted   

v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园

参考例句：

• Many people were uprooted from their homes by the flood. 水灾令许多人背井离乡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The hurricane blew with such force that trees were uprooted. 飓风强烈地刮着，树都被连根拔起了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 finesse   

n.精密技巧，灵巧，手腕

参考例句：

• It was a disappointing performance which lacked finesse.那场演出缺乏技巧，令人失望。
• Lillian Hellman's plays are marked by insight and finesse.莉莲.赫尔曼的巨作以富有洞察力和写作技巧著称。