汉语新难词英译

 　　摘要：时代飞速发展，汉语新难词不断涌现，翻译时颇难下笔，还有一些政策性很强的词句，翻译时颇费斟酌。故而，中国译协中译外委员会（由来自外交部、中央编译局、中国外交局、新华社、中国国际广播电台、中国日报社的专家学者组成）定期组织研讨会议，讨论并规范目前外宣工作中的汉语新难词，向社会公布，以正视听。以下选摘部分（均已注明出处，以显有据可稽）。

　　经济词汇

　　保险业　the insurance industry

　　保证重点指出　ensure funding for priority areas

　　补发拖欠的养老金 clear up pension payments in arrears¹

　　不良贷款　non-performing loan

　　层层转包和违法分包　mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

　　城乡信用社　credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

　　城镇居民最低生活保障　a minimum standard of living for city residents

　　城镇职工医疗保障制度　the system of medical insurance for urban workers

　　出口信贷　export credit

　　贷款质量　loan quality

　　贷款质量五级分类办法　the five-category assets classification for bank loans

　　防范和化解金融风险　take precautions against and reduce financial risks

　　防洪工程　flood-prevention project

　　非法外汇交易　illegal foreign exchange transaction

　　非贸易收汇　foreign exchange earnings² through nontrade channels

　　非银行金融机构　non-bank financial institutions

　　费改税　transform administrative³ fees into taxes

　　跟踪审计　foolow-up auditing⁴

　　工程监理制度　the monitoring system for projects

　　国有资产安全　the safety of state-owned assets

　　过度开垦　excess reclamation⁵

　　合同管理制度　the contract system for governing projects

　　积极的财政政策　pro-active fiscal⁶ policy

　　基本生活费　basic allowance

　　解除劳动关系　sever⁷ labor⁸ relation

　　金融监管责任制　the responsibility system for financial supervision⁹

　　经济安全　economic security

　　靠扩大财政赤字搞建设　to increase the deficit¹⁰ to spend more on development

　　扩大国内需求　the expansion of domestic demand

　　拉动经济增长　fuel economic growth

　　粮食仓库　grain depot¹¹

　　粮食收购企业　grain collection and storage enterprise

　　粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 closed operation of grain purchase funds

　　粮食销售市场 grain sales market

　　劣质工程 shoddy engineering

　　乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges,fund-raising,quotas and fines

　　骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency under false pretenses¹², not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage¹³

　　融资渠道 financing channels

　　商业信贷原则 the principles for commercial credit

　　社会保险机构 social security institution

　　失业保险金 unemployment insurance benefits

　　偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion¹⁴, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

　　外汇收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending

　　以上摘自《中国翻译》2000年第二期

　　安居工程　housing project for low-income urban residents

　　信息化　information-based; informationization

　　智力密集型　 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

　　外资企业　 overseas-funded enterprises

　　下岗职工　laid-off workers

　　分流　reposition of redundant¹⁵ personnel

　　三角债　chain debts

　　素质教育　education for all-round development

　　豆腐渣工程　jerry-built projects

　　社会治安情况　law-and-order situation

　　民族国家　nation state

　　以上选摘自《中国翻译》2000年第一期

　　“台独” "independence of Taiwan"

　　台湾当局　Taiwan authorities

　　台湾同胞　Taiwan compatriots

　　台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

　　西部大开发　Development of the West Regions

　　可持续性发展　sustainable development

　　风险投资　 risk investment

　　通货紧缩　 deflation

　　扩大内需　to expand domestic demand

　　计算机辅助教学　　computer-assisted instruction　( CAI )

　　网络空间　 cyberspace

　　虚拟现实　virtual reality

　　网民　 netizen ( net citizen )

　　电脑犯罪　computer crime

　　电子商务　the e-business

　　网上购物　shopping online

　　应试教育　 exam-oriented education

　　学生减负　 to reduce study load

1 arrears   

n.到期未付之债，拖欠的款项；待做的工作

参考例句：

• The payments on that car loan are in arrears by three months.购车贷款的偿付被拖欠了三个月。
• They are urgent for payment of arrears of wages.他们催讨拖欠的工钱。

2 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

3 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

4 auditing   

n.审计，查账，决算

参考例句：

• Auditing standards are the rules governing how an audit is performed.收支检查标准是规则统治一个稽核如何被运行。
• The auditing services market is dominated by a few large accounting firms.审计服务市场被几家大型会计公司独占了。

5 reclamation   

n.开垦；改造；（废料等的）回收

参考例句：

• We should encourage reclamation and recycling.我们应当鼓励废物的回收和利用。
• The area is needed for a land reclamation project.一个土地开垦项目要在这一地区进行。

6 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

7 sever   

v.切开，割开；断绝，中断

参考例句：

• She wanted to sever all her connections with the firm.她想断绝和那家公司的所有联系。
• We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation.我们不能割断民族的文化血脉。

8 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

9 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

10 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

11 depot   

n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站

参考例句：

• The depot is only a few blocks from here.公共汽车站离这儿只有几个街区。
• They leased the building as a depot.他们租用这栋大楼作仓库。

12 pretenses   

n.借口（pretense的复数形式）

参考例句：

• They obtained money under the false pretenses of patriotism. 他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He obtained money from her under false pretenses. 他巧立名目从她那儿骗钱。 来自辞典例句

13 arbitrage   

n.套利，套汇

参考例句：

• This is an example of arbitrage.这就是套利的一个例子。
• That is interest arbitrage in practice.这就是所谓的套利。

14 evasion   

n.逃避，偷漏(税)

参考例句：

• The movie star is in prison for tax evasion.那位影星因为逃税而坐牢。
• The act was passed as a safeguard against tax evasion.这项法案旨在防止逃税行为。

15 redundant   

adj.多余的，过剩的；(食物)丰富的；被解雇的

参考例句：

• There are too many redundant words in this book.这本书里多余的词太多。
• Nearly all the redundant worker have been absorbed into other departments.几乎所有冗员，都已调往其他部门任职。