英译汉常用技巧(4)

 　　第四节 增词法一、名词、动名词前增补动词1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor¹.

　　2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.

　　二、英语抽象名词的翻译1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.

　　2. Many changes take place during the transformation².

　　3. Her indifference³ kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.

　　4. From the evaporation⁴ of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.

　　三、将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征，这是一种引申，需增词1. It was a Godsend to him.

　　2. If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.

　　四、增添“概括”性的词1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.

　　2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

　　3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.

　　4. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

　　5. This report summed up the achievements in technology and education.

　　五、英文中为避免重复而省略之词，汉译时需补上，作必要的重复1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.

　　六、汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently⁵ advocating his university of the future.

　　2. Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”.

　　七、增补量词1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of paper, a pin, a plastic comb, a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.

　　2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.

　　八、增补表示复数含义的词1. But that the old workers helped us, we should have failed.

　　2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction⁶ may be greatly reduced.

1 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

2 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

3 indifference   

n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎

参考例句：

• I was disappointed by his indifference more than somewhat.他的漠不关心使我很失望。
• He feigned indifference to criticism of his work.他假装毫不在意别人批评他的作品。

4 evaporation   

n.蒸发，消失

参考例句：

• Be careful not to lose too much liquid by evaporation.小心不要因蒸发失去太多水分。
• Our bodies can sweat,thereby losing heat by evaporation.我们的身体能出汗，由此可以蒸发散热。

5 eloquently   

adv. 雄辩地(有口才地, 富于表情地)

参考例句：

• I was toasted by him most eloquently at the dinner. 进餐时他口若悬河地向我祝酒。
• The poet eloquently expresses the sense of lost innocence. 诗人动人地表达了失去天真的感觉。

6 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。