地道英式惊叹词，你get了么？

 　　Like the people of any country, the British are given to loudly exclaiming something whenever they are startled; unlike most people, however, the restrictions¹ on the English language that are caused by classic British politeness mean that such phrases are often absolute nonsense. Let's take a look at some.

　　其他各国的小伙伴们一样，英国人在被震惊时也会大声惊呼。不过和大多数人不同，因为受传统英式礼貌的限制，这些表达震惊的短语通常被视作不雅的粗口。下面就一起来领略一下英式“卧槽”吧！

　　BLOODY² HELL!

　　One of the most common and versatile³ of British exclamation⁴, 'Bloody hell' is what welinguistics call a minced⁵ oath, as the word 'bloody' is probably a shortening of 'By Our Lady' (i.e. the Virgin⁶ Mary). Originally, then, this probably meant something like 'by our Lady, all Hell's about to break loose because of this thing that's surprised me!' It's a little bit easier to say these days.

　　这是最常见并通用于各种场合的英式惊呼之一。从语言学上来说，“Bloody hell”是一种避免爆粗的委婉表达。“bloody”应该是“By Our Lady”（即圣母玛利亚）的缩略语。这个词组最初的意思大概就是：“圣母在上，天都要塌了！这实在太令人吃惊了！”。相比之下，现在的说法还是容易多了！

　　BLIMEY!

　　This one is perhaps a little archaic⁷ now. Another minced oath, 'Blimey!' – or, less commonly, 'Cor blimey!' – is a shortening of the saying 'God blind me!' Hopefully you're starting to see the pattern here: most British exclamations⁸ have their roots in religious oaths. This is because swearing by God was taken very seriously, so if you said 'God blind me' everyone would know you were truly pissed off and should probably be left alone.

　　这个词汇也是一种委婉表达，不过已经略显过时。它的另一种不太常见的说法是“Cor blimey!”。“Blimey!”是“God blind me!（上帝蒙骗了我）”的缩写。你可能已经发现了：大部分英式惊叹词都来源于宗教誓言——因为对着上帝宣下的誓言都是严肃庄重的，所以如果你说“上帝蒙骗了我”，那么所有人都会知道你是真的非常生气，想要一个人呆着冷静一下。

　　DARN/DANG!

　　These two interchangeable words are polite ways of saying 'Damn', though as everybody knows what you mean it's a wonder anybody bothers. Like 'Blimey', saying these in ordinary conversation might make you sound a bit 19th century.

　　这两个可以互换的词语是“Damn”一词的礼貌说法，不过其实所有人都知道你想表达的是什么意思，有没有稍微“礼貌”一点，也没有人会在意。就像“Blimey”一样，在日常会话中使用“Darn”或者“Dang”会让你瞬间穿越回十九世纪！

　　I SAY!

　　Now we're really going back in time. This is a classic British phrase, probably not said in any serious since 1891, which consists of loudly exclaiming that you're about to say something, but then actually sort of chickening out and deciding just to let 'I say!' do the business.

　　现在我们真的要回到过去了!“I say!”是一个经典的英式短语，大概在1891年后就没有在正式场合被使用过了。使用这个短语的大致场景是：你的一句大声惊呼刚刚开头，后面的话还没出口却又临阵退缩，于是决定说完“I say!”便就此打住。

　　STREWTH!

　　In a similar way to 'Blimey', 'Strewth' is a shortening of 'By God's truth', and is probably the most outdated⁹ word on our list – although it has enjoyed something of a recent revival¹⁰ in Australia. Still, if you're ever asked to star in a traditional English drawing room drama, you'll be equipped with exactly the right ways to express a truly British kind of surprise.

　　和“Blimey”相似，“Strewth”是“By God’s truth”的缩略语，这大概是这篇文章中最过时的一个惊叹词了，尽管最近它在澳大利亚还流行了一阵子。如果你被叫去演传统的英国客厅话剧，用上这个词，绝对能精确传达出原汁原味的英式“卧槽”！

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

3 versatile   

adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的

参考例句：

• A versatile person is often good at a number of different things.多才多艺的人通常擅长许多种不同的事情。
• He had been one of the game's most versatile athletes.他是这项运动中技术最全面的运动员之一。

4 exclamation   

n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词

参考例句：

• He could not restrain an exclamation of approval.他禁不住喝一声采。
• The author used three exclamation marks at the end of the last sentence to wake up the readers.作者在文章的最后一句连用了三个惊叹号，以引起读者的注意。

5 minced   

v.切碎( mince的过去式和过去分词 )；剁碎；绞碎；用绞肉机绞（食物，尤指肉）

参考例句：

• He minced over to serve us. 他迈着碎步过来招待我们。
• A young fop minced up to George and introduced himself. 一个花花公子扭扭捏捏地走到乔治面前并作了自我介绍。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 virgin   

n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to a virgin forest?你去过原始森林吗？
• There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。

7 archaic   

adj.(语言、词汇等)古代的，已不通用的

参考例句：

• The company does some things in archaic ways,such as not using computers for bookkeeping.这个公司有些做法陈旧，如记账不使用电脑。
• Shaanxi is one of the Chinese archaic civilized origins which has a long history.陕西省是中国古代文明发祥之一，有悠久的历史。

8 exclamations   

n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词

参考例句：

• The visitors broke into exclamations of wonder when they saw the magnificent Great Wall. 看到雄伟的长城，游客们惊叹不已。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• After the will has been read out, angry exclamations aroused. 遗嘱宣读完之后，激起一片愤怒的喊声。 来自辞典例句

9 outdated   

adj.旧式的，落伍的，过时的；v.使过时

参考例句：

• That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经改了。
• Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。

10 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。