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If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed2, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction3 of water from the ocean by means of evaporation4--- conversion6 of liquid water to water vapor5. In this manner the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted8 so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal9 regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute7 the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly materials are left behind. In this manner, sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the densest10 water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
NOTE:
salinity / sэ'linэti; sэ`linэti/
n [U] the high salinity of sea water 海水的高含盐量.
--->>>saline / 'seilain; US -li:n; `selin/
1.adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) containing salt; salty 含盐的; 咸的:
* a saline lake 盐湖 * saline springs 盐泉
* saline solution, eg as used for gargling, storing contact lenses, etc 盐溶液(如用于漱喉、存放隐形眼镜等).
2. n [U] (medical 医) solution of salt and water 盐水.
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1 salinity | |
n.盐分;咸度;盐浓度;咸性 | |
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2 analyzed | |
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析 | |
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3 subtraction | |
n.减法,减去 | |
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4 evaporation | |
n.蒸发,消失 | |
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5 vapor | |
n.蒸汽,雾气 | |
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6 conversion | |
n.转化,转换,转变 | |
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7 dilute | |
vt.稀释,冲淡;adj.稀释的,冲淡的 | |
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8 diluted | |
无力的,冲淡的 | |
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9 coastal | |
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的 | |
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10 densest | |
密集的( dense的最高级 ); 密度大的; 愚笨的; (信息量大得)难理解的 | |
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