经典教程

tem4(1995-2003)

研究生用听说教程

李阳快速突破法十大焦点

【CET12-24备战】四级听力　

故事烙印速记最新考研大纲词

最新精选

创世纪

降世神通

闭着眼睛飘单词

智慧鸟幼儿英语

新概念英语第四册视频

英语是"练"出来的，在线"练"英语频道

　　　　　　　 Do you have the four healthy living habits?

　　People who drink moderately, exercise, quit smoking and eat five servings of fruit and vegetables each day live on average 14 years longer than people who adopt none of these behaviors, researchers said on Tuesday.

　　Overwhelming evidence has shown that these things contribute to healthier and longer lives, but the new study actually quantified their combined impact, the British team said.

　　"These results may provide further support for the idea that even small differences in lifestyle may make a big difference to health in the population," the researchers wrote in the journal PLoS Medicine.

　　Between 1993 and 1997 the researchers questioned 20,000 healthy British men and women about their lifestyles. They also tested every participant's blood to measure vitamin C intake, an indicator of how much fruit and vegetables people ate.

　　Then they assigned the participants -- aged 45-79 -- a score of between 0 and 4, giving one point for each of the healthy behaviors.

　　After allowing for age and other factors that could affect the likelihood of dying, the researchers determined people with a score of 0 were four times as likely to have died, particularly from cardiovascular disease.

　　The researchers, who tracked deaths among the participants until 2006, also said a person with a health score of 0 had the same risk of dying as someone with a health score of 4 who was 14 years older.

　　The lifestyle change with the biggest benefit was giving up smoking, which led to an 80 percent improvement in health, the study found. This was followed by eating fruits and vegetables.

　　Moderate drinking and keeping active brought the same benefits, Kay-Tee Khaw and colleagues at the University of Cambridge and the Medical Research Council said.

　　"Armed with this information, public-health officials should now be in a better position to encourage behavior changes likely to improve the health of middle-aged and older people," the researchers wrote.

　　研究人员于本周二称，适量饮酒、运动、每天吃五份水果和蔬菜，而且不吸烟的人要比没有这些习惯的人平均多活14年。

　　该英国研究小组称，大量证据已表明，这些生活习惯有益于身体健康、延年益寿，而这项最新研究则量化了这四种习惯的综合效应。

　　研究人员在《公共科学图书馆：医学》(PLos: Public Library of Science)期刊中写道："研究结果进一步证明，生活方式的微小变化会对人们的身体健康产生很大影响。"

　　从1993年至1997年，研究人员对英国2万名身体健康的男性和女性的生活习惯进行了调查，他们还检测了每名研究对象血液中的维生素C含量。维生素C能够衡量人们的水果和蔬菜摄入量。

　　之后，研究人员给每位研究对象打分，分值范围为0分到4分，每一种健康习惯得1分。研究对象的年龄在45岁至79岁之间。

　　在综合考虑年龄及其它可能影响寿命的因素后，研究人员得出结论：得分为0分的研究对象死亡的风险为其他人的四倍，这些人尤其容易死于心血管疾病。

　　此外，健康得分为0分的研究对象的死亡风险与比他们大14岁、健康得分为4分的人相同。研究人员对研究对象死亡情况的调查一直持续到2006年。

　　研究发现，在四种健康习惯中，戒烟最有益于健康，戒烟后的健康状况能改善80%。其次是吃水果和蔬菜。

　　剑桥大学及医学研究学会的Kay-Tee Khaw及其同事们称，适度饮酒和锻炼身体带来的益处相同。

　　研究报告中提到："基于这一研究结果，公共卫生部门现在应该可以更好地鼓励人们改变不良的生活习惯，从而改善中老年人的身体健康。"

Vocabulary:

be in a position to do sth.:能够做某事

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　　We tried so hard to make things better for our kids that we made them worse. For my grandchildren, I'd know better.

　　I'd really like for them to know about hand-me-down clothes and home-made ice cream and leftover meatloaf. I really would.

　　My cherished grandson, I hope you learn humility by surviving failure and that you learn to be honest even when no one is looking.

　　I hope you learn to make your bed and mow the lawn and wash the car-and I hope nobody gives you a brand-new car when you are sixteen.

　　It will be good if at least one time you can see a baby calf born, and you have a good friend to be with you if you ever have to put your old dog to sleep.

　　I hope you get a black eye fighting for something you believe in.

　　I hope you have to share a bedroom with your younger brother. And it is all right to draw a line down the middle of the room, but when he wants to crawl under the covers with you because he's scared, I hope you'll let him.

　　And when you want to see a Disney movie and your kid brother wants to tag along, I hope you take him.

　　I hope you have to walk uphill with your friends and that you live in a town where you can do it safely.

　　If you want a slingshot, I hope your father teaches you how to make one instead of buying one. I hope you learn to dig in the dirt and read books, and when you learn to use computers, you also learn how to add and subtract in your head.

　　I hope you get razzed by friends when you have your first crush on a girl, and that when you talk back to your mother you learn what Ivory soap tastes like.

　　May you skin your knee climbing a mountain, burn your hand on the stove and stick your tongue on a frozen flagpole.

　　I hope you get sick when someone blows smoke in your face. I don't care if you try beer once, but I hope you won't like it. And if a friend offers you a joint or any drugs, I hope you are smart enough to realize that person is not your friend.

　　I sure hope you make time to sit on a porch with your grandpa or go fishing with your uncle.

　　I hope your mother punishes you when you throw a baseball through a neighbor s window, and that she hugs you and kisses you when you give her a plaster of pared mold of your hand.

　　These things I wish for you-tough times and disappointment, hard work and happiness.

　　我们竭尽全力想让我们的儿女们过得更好，而结果却是适得其反。对我的孙辈们，我就明智得多了。

　　我真的希望他们能够了解什么是兄长传下来的旧衣服，家制的冰淇淋，以及吃剩的肉糕。我真的希望。

　　我的宝贝孙子，我希望你在经受失败的考验之后能学会谦卑，也希望你能学会诚实，即使在没有人注视你的时候。

　　我希望你能学会自己叠被子，自己刈草坪，自己洗车--我还希望在你满十六岁时没有人送给你一辆崭新的轿车。

　　假如你至少有一次机会看见小牛犊出生，假如你不得不为你的老狗送终，那时有一位好朋友在场为你作伴--那样该有多好啊！

　　我希望你能为自己的所信仰与人斗得眼青脸肿。

　　我希望你能和你弟弟共一间卧室--即使你在卧室中间划一条分界线也没关系。可是，当弟弟因为害怕而要爬进你的被窝时，我希望你会接纳他。

　　当你要出去看迪斯尼电影，你的小弟弟想做你的小尾巴时，我希望你能带上他。

　　我希望你能和朋友们一起爬山，而在你所生活的城市里做这项运动不会有什么危险。

　　如果你想要一把弹弓，我希望你父亲能教你怎样自己做一把，而不是为你买一把现成的。我还希望你能学会挖泥巴和读书；而当你学会使用电脑时，你也应该学会加减法的心算。

　　当你第一次恋上一个女孩时，我希望你会受到朋友们的嘲弄；而当你跟你母亲顶嘴时，希望她叫你尝一尝象牙肥皂的滋味。

　　但愿你能在爬山时弄破膝盖上的皮，或者在炉子上烧伤手，或者让舌头粘在结冰的旗杆上。

　　我希望吸烟者对着你的脸上喷吐烟雾时，你会感到恶心。如果你尝试喝一次啤酒，我不会在意；但是我希望你不会喜欢上它。如果有一位朋友请你吸一口含大麻的香烟，或者任何毒品，我希望你明智地意识到他不是你的朋友。

　　我当然希望你能抽时间来陪你爷爷在门廊上坐一坐，或者陪你叔叔钓钓鱼。

　　如果你把捧球扔进了邻居的窗户，我希望你母亲惩罚你。如果你能剪掉指甲，用石膏做一只自己的手的模型送给你妈，我希望她会给你拥抱和亲吻。

　　我希望你能经历：艰难的岁月，挫折和失望；希望你努力工作，幸福快乐。

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　　One day a blonde is hiking in the woods. She follows the trail until she comes upon a river. As she is thinking how she can get across the river; another blonde appears on the opposite side.

　　The blonde yells to the other blonde "How do I get to the other side?"

　　The other blonde looks up and then down the river and yells back:

　　"You are on the other side!"

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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The Burial Shirt

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

　　A mother had a little boy of seven years who was so attractive and good natured that no one could look at him without liking him, and he was dearer to her than anything else in the world. He suddenly died, and the mother could find no solace. She cried day and night. However, soon after his burial, the child began to appear every night at those places where he had sat and played while still alive. When the mother cried, he cried as well, but when morning came he had disappeared.

　　The mother did not cease crying, and one night he appeared with the white shirt in which he had been laid into his coffin, and with the little wreath on his head. He sat down on the bed at her feet and said, "Oh, mother, please stop crying, or I will not be able to fall asleep in my coffin, because my burial shirt will not dry out from your tears that keep falling on it." This startled the mother, and she stopped crying.

　　The next night the child came once again. He had a little light in his hand and said, "See, my shirt is almost dry, and I will be able to rest in my grave." Then the mother surrendered her grief to God and bore it with patience and peace, and the child did not come again, but slept in his little bed beneath the earth.

　　从前有一位母亲，她有一个人见人爱、英俊漂亮的儿子。那年他七岁了，她视她的小宝贝为自己的生命，比世上任何东西都珍贵。但是天有不测风云，他忽然病了，而且病入膏肓，上帝将他召唤了去。母亲悲痛欲绝，日夜哭泣。时过不久，孩子下葬了，可是夜里他又会出现在生前玩耍的地方，陪着母亲一同哭泣，到了早晨则又消失了。母亲非常悲伤，每时每刻都在不停地哭。一天夜里他身着一件入葬就穿着的白色小寿衣，头上戴着一顶花环来到床前，站在母亲的脚旁说："噢，母亲，请别哭啦，否则我在墓中无法入睡，因为您的泪水把我的寿衣都打湿啦。"母亲听到后担起心来，不再流泪了。第二天晚上孩子又来了，手里举着一盏小灯，说："母亲，您看看我的寿衣快干啦，我可以在墓中休息了。"从此，母亲把悲痛交给了上帝，自己默默地承受了心中的创伤。

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The ceasefire will begin at midnight on Saturday 27 January

1973: Nixon announces Vietnam peace deal

　　The US president, Richard Nixon, has appeared on national television to announce "peace with honour" in Vietnam.

　　Statements issued simultaneously in Washington and Hanoi confirmed the peace deal was signed in Paris at 1230 local time, bringing to an end America's longest war.

　　The ceasefire will begin at midnight Hanoi time on Saturday, 27 January, monitored by an international force made up of troops from Canada, Poland, Hungary and Indonesia.

　　President Nixon's speech from the Oval office at the White House was broadcast on national radio and television.

　　He said: "Throughout the years of negotiations, we have insisted on peace with honour, I set forth the goals that we considered essential for peace with honour.

　　"In the settlement that has now been agreed to, all the conditions that I laid down then have been met."

　　The conditions include the release of prisoners of war within 60 days and all American forces to be withdrawn within the same time period.

　　An international conference will be held within 30 days, probably in Vienna, to guarantee the peace.

　　American forces have been involved in the conflict in Vietnam for more than a decade. In 1967, there were 500,000 American troops deployed in Vietnam.

　　For the people of South Vietnam, the president had this message: "By your courage, by your sacrifice, you have won the precious right to determine your own future and you have developed the strength to defend that right.

　　"We look forward to working with you in future, friends in peace as we have been allies in war."

　　To the leaders of North Vietnam, the president said: "As we have ended the war through negotiations, let us now build a peace ofreconciliation.

　　"For our part, we are prepared to make a major effort to help achieve that goal, but just as reciprocity was needed to end the war, so, too, will it be needed to build and strengthen the peace."

Thousands were left homeless

1989: Many killed in Tajik earthquake

Artificially 1969:

　　The Hundreds of people are feared dead after a powerful earthquake struck the Soviet Central Asian republic of Tajikistan.

　　It is the second earthquake to rock the southern Soviet Union in two months. The earlier quake hit Armenia - about 1,000 miles (1,600km) to the west - killing an estimated 25,000 people.

　　Theepicentreof the latest quake affected an area about 19 miles (30km) from the capital, Dushanbe, in the early hours of the morning.

　　Early reports say one village of clay homes was buried under a 50ft (17m) landslide, triggered by the earth tremors. All 600 inhabitants of Sharora are believed to have died.

　　The official Soviet news agency, Tass, says, 1,000 people may have been killed.

　　The earthquake measured six magnitude, seven on the Soviet scale, which is less powerful than the earthquake which hit Armenia six weeks ago.

　　Thousands of cattle have been killed and thousands of acres of farmland are now covered with a thick layer of sand and clay.

　　Georgy Koshlakov, the republic's deputy prime minister, said the quake lasted 40 seconds.

　　He said: "The earthquake caused a burst of mud from the foothills which poured down on the villages. It was up to five miles wide and one-and-a-half miles long."

　　Soviet resources are already badly stretched following the Armenian earthquake. The Soviet President, Mikhail Gorbachev, is said to be considering drafting in Afghan troops to help the rescue operation.

Vocabulary:

reconciliation: to kill by squeezing the throat of so as to cut off the air（扼死）

epicentre: the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake（震源）

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A

安全地线 safe ground wire

安全特性 security feature

安装线 hook-up wire

按半周进行的多周期控制 multicycle controlled by half-cycle

按键电话机 push-button telephone set

按需分配多地址 demand assignment multiple access(DAMA)

按要求的电信业务 demand telecommunication service

按组编码 encode by group

B

八木天线 Yagi antenna

白噪声 white Gaussian noise

白噪声发生器 white noise generator

半波偶极子 halfwave dipole

半导体存储器 semiconductor memory

半导体集成电路 semiconductor integrated circuit

半双工操作 semi-duplex operation

半字节 Nib

包络负反馈 peak envelop negative feed-back

包络延时失真 envelop delay distortion

薄膜 thin film

薄膜混合集成电路 thin film hybrid integrated circuit

保护比（射频） protection ratio (RF)

保护时段 guard period

保密通信 secure communication

报头 header

报文分组 packet

报文优先等级 message priority

报讯 alarm

备用工作方式 spare mode

背景躁声 background noise

倍频 frequency multiplication

倍频程 actave

倍频程滤波器 octave filter

被呼地址修改通知 called address modified notification

被呼用户优先 priority for called subscriber

本地PLMN local PLMN

本地交换机 local exchange

本地移动用户身份 local mobile station identity ( LMSI)

本地震荡器 local oscillator

比功率(功率密度) specific power

比特 bit

比特并行 bit parallel

比特号码 bit number (BN)

比特流 bit stream

比特率 bit rate

比特误码率 bit error rate

比特序列独立性 bit sequence independence

必要带宽 necessary bandwidth

闭环电压增益 closed loop voltage gain

闭环控制 closed loop control

闭路电压 closed circuit voltage

边瓣抑制 side lobe suppression

边带 sideband

边带非线性串扰 sideband non-linear crosstalk

边带线性串扰 sideband linear crosstalk

边带抑制度 sideband suppression

边角辐射 boundary radiation

编号制度 numbering plan

编解码器 codec

编码 encode

编码律 encoding law

编码器 encoder

编码器输出 encoder output

编码器总工作时间 encoder overall operate time

编码效率 coding efficiency

编码信号 coded signal

编码约束长度 encoding constraint length

编码增益 coding gain

编译程序 compiler

鞭状天线 whip antenna

变频器 converter

变频损耗 converter conversion loss

变容二极管 variable capacitance diode

变形交替传号反转 modified alternate mark inversion

便携电台 portable station

便携设备 portable equipment

便携式载体设备 portable vehicle equipment

标称调整率（标称塞入率） nominal justification rate (nominal stuffing rate)

标称值 nominal value

标称呼通概率 nominal calling probability

标准码实验信号 standard code test signal (SCTS)

标准模拟天线 standard artificial antenna

标准频率 standard frequency

标准时间信号发射 standard-time-signal emission

标准实验调制 standard test modulation

标准输出功率 standard power output

标准输入信号 standard input signal

标准输入信号电平 standard input-signal level

标准输入信号频率 standard input-signal frequency

标准信躁比 standard signal to noise

表面安装 surface mounting

表示层 presentation layer

并串变换器 parallel-serial converter (serializer)

并馈垂直天线 shunt-fed vertical antenna

并行传输 parallel transmission

并行终端 parallel terminal

拨号错误概率 dialing mistake probability

拨号后延迟 post-dialing delay

拨号交换机 dial exchange

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　　下面这首小诗，是一首哲理与美学结合得极好的一首诗，不论原文还是译文，都是极美的！其实，我们在日常生活中又何尝不是如此：There is nothing permanent except change. 惟有变化才是永恒的。

［A Grain of Sand ］

William Blake

To see a world in a grain of sand,

And a heaven in a wild flower.

Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,

And eternity in an hour.

［参考译文］　　

一粒沙子

作者：威廉姆?布莱克

从一粒沙子看到一个世界，

从一朵野花看到一个天堂。

把握着无限，

分秒即是永恒。

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January 18, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Let me tell you why I'm here. This man started his own business. He's a manufacturer, he employs over a hundred people, and he represents the backbone of the American economy. And today I talked about our economy, and the fundamentals are strong, but there's uncertainty. And there's an opportunity to work with Congress to pass a pro-growth package that will deal with the uncertainty.

Any package has got to remember that jobs are created by small businesses. A good package will have incentives for investment. The package we passed early in my administration helped him. He bought some equipment and made his firm more productive, kept him in business. And that's the same spirit that needs to be in this next growth package.

The other thing is, is that we got to make sure that we benefit consumers. We want our consumers out there spending, and the best way to do that is broad-based tax relief. Now, this plan ought to be broad-based, it ought to be simple, and it ought to be temporary.

I had a conversation, Congressman, with the leadership on both sides of the aisle yesterday, and I was encouraged by what I heard. And I believe we can come together on a growth package very quickly. We need to. We need to get this deal done and get it out and get money in the hands of our consumers and our small business owners to help this economy.

I'm optimistic, I truly am. One reason I'm optimistic is because I understand we got all kinds of Americans just like this man here, working hard to provide a living for folks and to make a product people want.

And so, while there's some uncertainty right now, if we act quickly and in a smart way that helps growth, we're going to be just fine.

Anyway, thanks for letting me come by. I'm proud to be -- I love the entrepreneurial class in -- I love people who have a dream and work hard to achieve the dream.

And so -- a fine-looking machine you got here.

MR. WRIGHT: Thank you. It's a team effort. We thank you, thank you for all your work, too.

THE PRESIDENT: Do you wonder where they got the name "Wright?" That's his name. And his wife is the co-founder of the company. And this is -- it's really great to be with you.

And, Congressman, thank you for being here. I'm proud to be with your workers. You've got some fine workers.

MR. WRIGHT: We've got a great team here, don't we?

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, you do. And if they get a little more money in their pocket as a result of the growth package, it will help make sure this economy continues to grow.

Anyway, thank you all very much.

END 1:59 P.M. EST

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汉语里有一个成语叫"虎头蛇尾"，意思是"批评有些人做事开头来势很猛，到后来却草草收尾"。如果将此成语照字面译做with the tiger's head and the snake's tail，老外看了会怎么想？

有一次我真的去问一位英国专家，他想了想，然后回答说："That must be a trick trying to deceive people."（那肯定是什么骗人的鬼花招，意思是说那是用半只老虎半条蛇故意拼凑起来的不三不四的怪物。）

据说历史上有这么一件事：当年达尔文提出进化论，大胆提出"从猿到人"的观点，这一说法触犯了上帝创造人的宗教教义，因而受到教会人士群起攻击。还有一个人用人们不熟悉的一种野兽的上半身和一种鱼的下半身拼凑了一个怪物，问达尔文那是什么动物，在进化的序列中应该放在哪里。达尔文坦承他无法解释，于是那个人断言"达尔文的进化论不能成立"，使许多本来认为进化论有道理的人也对之产生了怀疑。后来人们才发现上了一个大当。

动物形象在不同的语言里常常会有不同的文化含义。汉语含有"狗"字的成语往往带有贬义，dog在英语中是中性偏褒的，这一点在许多文章中都谈到过。现在我们再举一些例子。汉语里有许多成语涉及老虎，因为在中国传统文化中，老虎被认为是"百兽之王"（连老虎头上的黑色纹路都被看成"王"字），而在英语文化中担任这个角色的却是狮子，请看下面的比较（注意两者不完全对等，但含义相仿）：

　　虎口拔牙 beard the lion （拔狮子的胡子）

　　狐假虎威 ass in the lion's skin（披着狮子皮的驴）

　　拦路虎 a lion in the way （拦路狮）

　　摸老虎屁股 twist the lion's tail （拨弄狮子尾巴）

　　虎落平阳被犬欺 Hares may pull dead lions by the bear. （兔子也敢摸死狮子的胡子）

本文开始时讲的成语"虎头蛇尾"不妨可借译为：In like a lion, out like a lamb. （来的时候像狮子，走的时候却像羊羔。）

有些含义类似的动物在英语和汉语中还是有些细微的区别，如：

　　pig：贪心、丑陋 猪： 懒、笨

　　wolf：贪心 狼：凶狠

　　bear：脾气坏、没有规矩 熊： 动作慢、笨拙

　　peacock：傲慢 孔雀：美丽

　　bee：忙碌 蜜蜂：勤劳

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