| 英语公开课－《新概念英语》4册Lesson 5 高级英语
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主办单位：口语陪练网
课程简介：十年教学经验老师讲授《新概念英语》4册
主讲老师：用户名 fredwang
讲课时间：2008年6月7日 晚7：00
听课方法： 1 进入口语陪练网（www.oralpractice.com）
2 下载注册口语通
3 点击口语通软件底部教室
4 选择 新概念第四册lesson5，点击进入
课前预习和课后复习点击 |
| 双语新闻－生男秘诀：多吃高热量食品
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Women on low-calorie diets or who skip breakfast at the time of conception are more likely to give birth to girls than boys, British scientists said on Wednesday.
New research by the universities of Exeter and Oxford provides the first evidence that a child's sex is associated with the mother's diet, and higher energy intake is linked to males.
"This research may help to explain why in developed countries, where many young women choose to have low-calorie diets, the proportion of boys born is falling," said Fiona Mathews of the University of Exeter.
There has been a small but consistent decline, of about one per 1,000 births annually, in the proportion of boys being born in industrialized countries over the past 40 years.
In humans, going without breakfast may be interpreted by the body as signaling low food availability, since it depresses levels of blood sugar.
Although sex is genetically determined by fathers, it is known that high levels of glucose encourage the growth and development of male embryos while inhibiting female ones, although the exact mechanism is unclear.
Mathews and colleagues studied 740 first-time pregnant mothers in Britain and found 56 percent of those in the group with the highest energy intake at conception had sons, compared with 45 percent in the lowest group.
In evolutionary terms, this correlation may make sense.
Males' breeding potential is strongly influenced by fitness, while females breed more consistently.
"If a mother has plentiful resources then it can make sense to invest in producing a son because he is likely to produce more grandchildren than would a daughter. However, in leaner times having a daughter is a safer bet," Mathews said.
Some researchers have been sounding alarms for years over the change in sex ratios in developed countries and have in the past blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals such as those found in some pesticides which disrupt human hormones.
The latest findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
英国科学家于上周三称，在受孕期间饮食摄入热量较低或不吃早餐的女性生女孩的可能性更大。
英国埃克塞特大学和牛津大学联合开展的一项最新研究首次证明，孩子的性别与母亲的饮食有关，在受孕期间摄入高能量食物的女性生男孩的可能性更大。
埃克塞特大学的菲昂纳?马修说："这一研究也许可以解释为什么发达国家的男孩出生率持续下降，这可能与很多年轻女性选择低热量饮食有关。"
在过去40年中，发达国家的男孩出生率一直以每年约千分之一的比率小幅下降。
人在不吃早餐的情况下，血糖会降低，身体则会发出食物量不足的信号。
虽然从基因上来说，孩子的性别是由父亲决定的，但大家知道，人体内葡萄糖含量较高能够促进男性胚胎的生长发育、同时会抑制女性胚胎的生长发育，但其中的具体原理目前还不清楚。
马修及其同事共对英国740名生了第一胎的妈妈进行研究。研究结果显示，在受孕期间饮食摄入热量最高的那组妈妈中，有56%的人生了男孩；而摄入热量最少的那组只有45%的人生了男孩。
从进化论角度看，这种说法也是有道理的。
男性的生育能力受健康状况的影响较大，而女性的生育能力则更为稳定。
马修说："由于男孩能够'传宗接代'，所以在生活富足的情况下，女性为了生男孩而不惜大量投入确实可行，但在物质匮乏时期，还是生女儿更保险。"
近年来，一些研究人员一直在就发达国家的性别比率问题发出警告，并将这一问题归咎于各种污染物以及一些杀虫剂中所含的化学合成物，这些物质会损害人类的荷尔蒙。
这项最新研究结果在《英国皇家学会会报B：生物科学》上发表。
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| 美文欣赏－如何愉快地工作
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If you are a relatively junior employee at your company, though you carry out a very important role, you may not always be recognised. You might also face some of the following challenges:
Little fulfilment at work
Long working hours
Conflicting demands on your time and loyalty
Little balance between personal life and work commitments
Tight deadlines
Management pressures
Strained relationships with the important people in your life
Tight personal finances
Lack of any say at work
Internal politics and a rigid company structure
Bullying within the workplace
Few promotional opportunities
You are therefore faced with a number of dilemmas in your workplace.
On the one hand you want to be involved in rewarding, enjoyable and fulfilling work, get recognition and promotion for your efforts, and be appreciated for the key role you play in the company.
On the other hand you want a balanced life with time for the things you really want to do with a full and interesting social life. Of course you want to have clarity about your career, job duties and you want to continue to be healthy, fit and stress free.
So what's the best way forward?! How can you too achieve a zen like Happiness at work?
One key to resolving these seemingly conflicting challenges is to get clear about just how much you love the work you do. Is what you do something you jump out of bed every morning, or would you rather be doing something else?
How motivated are you with your work? And how do you cope with the day to day routine office work?
A UK survey last year found that almost 2 out of 3 people are dissatisfied with their jobs. And I am sure there is a similar situation in the USA and other parts of the developed world. This means that they are either apathetic about finding what they really love doing or they are resigned to being in this situation.
No matter how good things are in other parts of your life such as family, social life and relationships, work is a major part of your life, and not to be neglected.
Since for now you have chosen to be in the job you are in, it is up to you for the time being to make the most of what you do. Of course in the long term, you can either change your job or even embark on a new career. But for now, you can get to love more of what you do right now.
Assuming that in the short term you are not able to change jobs, there are a number of things you can do to begin enjoying more of what you currently do. Ask yourself - is it the job or is it you? And what can you do to make your current work more enjoyable?
Stop acting the victim. YOU are responsible for your life and if you can't immediately change the job you are in, then it is up to you to make the most of it.
Here are some simple tips for getting to enjoy your current job.
1. On the way to your workplace, get yourself motivated to face the day. Think of how the work you have allows you to have your life outside of it, such as a great social life. A positive attitude will make the day more pleasant and productive.
2. Keep your work in perspective. You can only do the best you can in each situation. Look beyond yourself and your work, and consider the bigger picture. Do some voluntary work to gain a broader outlook. Find a way to contribute to society in general.
3. Remember that you are more than your work. Do not have your identity too strongly tied to the job you do. Give up thinking that your work life "should" be a certain way. Such expectations of what you were supposed to be, as set by your parents and teachers, stop you from enjoying what you currently do.
4. Plan your time. In your to-do list include long term projects as well as the more imminent things that need doing. Prioritize your to-do list - do the most important things first. When performing any task, ask yourself - is this the best use of my time? Schedule in enough time for your studies etc.
5. Concentrate on the task at hand. Do not let yourself be distracted by worrying about all the other things to be done or losing energy over the undesirable situation you find yourself in. Stay in the moment.
Be ruthless and take care of a task before it gets on a possible procrastination list. For example, sort your morning post immediately in one go - open it, file it, act on it or bin it there and then.
6. Clarify anytime you are not sure or where you are faced with conflicting demands. The more clear and upfront you are with your manager and the other people you work with, the better it will be for you in the long term.
7. Delegate wherever appropriate. Decide if there is anything that can be delegated, or that more fairly belongs to someone else's work load. Always remember the "3D" rule - do it, dump it or delegate it - never handle a piece of paper twice.
8. Have regular breaks. Get away from your normal workplace even if only for five minutes. Try taking a break from the laptop , emails and do leave the mobile behind. Make sure that you do have that lunch break - it is not just for food but also for fresh air and a mental break.
Eat a healthy lunch and if you must snack, make sure it is healthy too - an apple rather than a bag of chips. Look for ways of energizing yourself other than from adrenaline and caffeine.
9. Learn to relax no matter how challenging the work gets or how demanding your bosses become. At the end of the day it is only a job, and you are much more than that. In years to come, you will look back and wonder what the fuss was.
10. Contribute towards creating a pleasant work environment. Do not gossip in the office as it just creates negativity all around. Do not listen to any gossip either. Minimize your time with people that you do not resonate with or like.
Learn to have more fun at work. Laugh more and chill out. Perform with a more fun orientated approach.
11. Review your day before you leave for Home. Look at what worked well, and what could be improved the next day. If you feel satisfied with the day's work, then why not reward yourself later that day. You deserve it.
12. Switch off once you leave work. You are already at work a third of your time, so do not continue to keep it buzzing in your head during your supposed free time. Mentally say good bye to your work space the moment you leave for Home.
See your work as a game. life is meant to be fun and if you are going to spend a third of it at work, you might as well enjoy the game.
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| 想笑就笑－Desert
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A blonde, a brunette, and a redhead are stranded in the desert because their car broke down. The redhead grabs some water, the brunette grabs some food, and the blonde grabs the car door. They began walking, when the redhead turns to the brunette and says," Why did you bring the food?" She replies, " Well in case i get hungry, i can eat it. Why did you bring water?" The redhead replies, " Well in case i get thirsty, i can drink it." Then they both turn to the blonde and say, " Why did you bring the car door?" She replies, " Well in case i get hot, i can roll down the window."
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| 双语故事-懒纺妇
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Fair Katrinelje and Pif Paf Poltrie
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
"Good day, Father Elderberry-Tea."
"Many thanks, Pif Paf Poltrie."
"May I marry your daughter?"
"Oh, yes, if her mother Milk-Cow, her brother High-Pride, her sister Cheese-Love, and Fair Katrinelje are willing, the wedding can take place."
"Where is her mother Milk-Cow, then?"
"She is in the stall milking the cow."
"Good day, Mother Milk-Cow."
"Many thanks, Pif Paf Poltrie."
"May I marry your daughter?"
"Oh, yes, if Father Elderberry-Tea, Brother High-Pride, Sister Cheese-Love, and Fair Katrinelje are willing, the wedding can take place."
"Where is her brother High-Pride, then?"
"He is in the shed chopping wood."
"Good-day, Brother High-Pride."
"Many thanks, Pif Paf Poltrie."
"May I marry your sister?"
"Oh, yes, if Father Elderberry-Tea, Mother Milk-Cow, Sister Cheese-Love, and Fair Katrinelje are willing, the wedding can take place."
"Where is her sister Cheese-Love, then?"
"She is in the garden cutting cabbages."
"Good-day, Sister Cheese-Love."
"Many thanks, Pif Paf Poltrie."
"May I marry your sister?"
"Oh, yes, if Father Elderberry-Tea, Mother Milk-Cow, Brother High-Pride, and Fair Katrinelje are willing, the wedding can take place."
"Where is Fair Katrinelje, then."
"She is in the parlor counting out her pennies."
"Good day, Fair Katrinelje."
"Many thanks, Pif Paf Poltrie."
"Will you be my sweetheart?"
"Oh, yes, if Father Elderberry-Tea, Mother Milk-Cow, Brother High-Pride, and Sister Cheese-Love are willing, the wedding can take place."
"Fair Katrinelje, what do you have for a dowry?"
"Fourteen pennies in hand, three and a half groschen owed to me, a half pound of dried pears, a handful of pretzels, and a handful of roots, and so it is. Is that not a fine dowry?
"Pif Paf Poltrie, what is your trade? Are you a tailor?"
"Much better than that."
"A cobbler?"
"Much better than that."
"A plowman?"
"Much better than that."
"A joiner?"
"Much better than that."
"A smith?"
"Much better than that."
"A miller?"
"Much better than that."
"Perhaps a broom-maker?"
"Yes, that is what I am. Is that not a fine trade?"
"您好，荷伦茶老爹！"
"您好，彼夫帕夫波儿特里尔！"
"我可以娶你的女儿？""哦，当然可以。不过你得问问马尔科大婶、高魁壮兄弟、卡塞特姐和美丽的卡特琳莱叶。"
"马尔科大婶在哪里？"
"她在牛棚里挤牛奶。"
"您好，马尔科大婶！"
"您好，彼夫帕夫波儿特里尔！"
"我可以娶你的女儿？"
"哦，当然可以。不过你得问问荷伦茶老爹、高魁壮兄弟、卡塞特姐和美丽的卡特琳莱叶。"
"高魁壮兄弟在哪里？"
"他正在屋里劈柴呢。"
"高魁壮兄弟你好，！"
"您好，彼夫帕夫波儿特里尔！"
"我可以娶你的妹妹吗？"
"哦，当然可以。不过你得问问荷伦茶老爹、马尔科大婶、卡塞特姐姐和美丽的卡特琳莱叶。"
"卡塞特姐姐在哪里？"
"她在园子里割菜呢。"
"你好，卡塞特姐姐！"
"您好，彼夫帕夫波儿特里尔！"
"我可以娶你的妹妹吗？"
"哦，当然可以。不过你得问问荷伦茶老爹、马尔科大婶、高魁壮兄弟和美丽的卡特琳莱叶。"
"美丽的卡特琳莱叶在哪里？"
"她在屋里数她的钱。"
"你好，美丽的卡特琳莱叶！"
"你好，彼夫帕夫波儿特里尔！"
"你可愿意做我的新娘？"
"哦，当然可以。不过你得问问荷伦茶老爹、马尔科大婶、卡塞特姐姐和高魁壮兄弟。"
"漂亮的卡特琳莱叶，你有多少嫁妆呢？"
"一角四分钱现金，三角五分欠帐，一把干梨片，一把湿梨片，一把萝卜。
我有财富万万千，瞧我的嫁妆棒不棒？"
"彼夫帕夫波儿特里尔，你是干哪一行的？是裁缝吗？"
"要好点。"
"鞋匠吗？"
"要好点。"
"农民吗？"
"再好点。"
"矿工吗？"
"再好点。"
"也许是编扫帚的？"
"千真万确。难道我这一行不好吗？"
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| 西方文化－英国国家18种手势的含义
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英语国家18种手势的含义
1、付帐(cash)：右手拇指、的食指和中指在空中捏在一起或在另一只手上作出写字的样子，这是表示在饭馆要付帐的手势。
2、"动脑筋"(use your brain)"机敏一点"(being clever)：用手指点点自己的太阳穴。
3、"傻瓜"(fool)：用拇指按住鼻尖摇动其四指，或十指分开。也常常食指对着太阳穴转动，同时吐出舌头，则表示所谈到的人是个"痴呆""傻瓜"。
4、"讲的不是真话"(lying)：讲话时，无意识地将一食指放在鼻子下面或鼻子边时，表示另人一定会理解为讲话人"讲的不是真话"难以置信。
5、自以为是(complacent assertion)；用食指往上鼻子，还可表示"不可一世"(overbearing)。
6、"别作声"(stopping-talking)：嘴唇合扰，将食指贴着嘴唇，同时发出"hush"嘘嘘声。
7、侮辱和蔑视(insulting and scorning)；用拇指顶住鼻尖儿，冲着被侮辱者摇动其它四指的鸡冠或手势。
8、赞同(agreement)：向上翘起拇指。
9、祝贺(congratulation)：双手在身前嘴部高度相搓的动作。
10、威胁(menace)：由于生气，挥动一只拳头的动作似乎无处不有。因受挫折而双手握着拳使劲摇动的动作。
11、"绝对不行"(absolutely not)：掌心向外，两只手臂在胸前交叉，然后再张开至相距一米左右。
12、"完了"(that's all)：两臂在腰部交叉，然后再向下，向身体两侧伸出。
13、"害羞"(shame)：双臂伸直，向下交叉，两掌反握，同时脸转向一侧。
14、打招呼(greeting)：英语国家人在路上打招呼，常常要拿帽子表示致意。现一般已化为抬一下帽子，甚至只是摸一下帽沿。
15、高兴激动(happiness and excitement)：双手握拳向上举起，前后频频用力摇动。
16、愤怒、急燥(anger and anxiousness)：两手臂在身体两侧张开，双手握拳，怒目而视。也常常头一扬，嘴里咂咂有声，同时还可能眨眨眼睛或者眼珠向上和向一侧转动，也表示愤怒、厌烦、急燥。
17、怜悯、同情(pity)：头摇来摇去，同里嘴里发出咂咂之声，嘴里还说"that's too bad."或"sorry to hear it."
18、"太古怪了"(too queer)：在太阳穴处用食指划一圆圈。
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| 体育英语－奥运志愿者英语培训教程：谈论食物
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第八课：谈论食物/Talking about Food
01. A: I'd like to invite you to dinner.
我想邀您一起共进晚餐。
B: Thank you, I'd love to come.
谢谢，我很乐意。
02. A: Do you like Chinese food?
你喜欢中国菜吗？
B: Sure, I'm crazy about it!
当然，我非常喜欢！
03. A: Would you mind if I order?
我来点菜你介意吗？
B: No, go ahead. I trust you!
不介意，点吧。我相信你！
04. A: What would you like to drink?
你想喝点什么？
B: Tea is fine.
喝茶好了。
05. A: What would you like to eat? Have you tried any special foods in Beijing?
想吃点什么？你尝过北京的特色小吃吗？
B: No, I haven't. What do you suggest?
没有。你有什么可以推荐的？
06. A: What's Beijing famous for?
北京什么最有名？
B: Beijing is known for its Roast Duck!
数北京烤鸭最出名。
07. A: Do you like it?
你爱吃吗？
B: Yes! It tastes great!
爱吃！味道好极了！
08. A: I hope you like the food.
希望你喜欢这些食物。
B: It is delicious!
非常好吃！
09. A: Please try this.
请尝尝这道菜。
B: Thank you. Just a little, please.
谢谢，一点儿就行。
10. A: Help yourself.
别客气。
B: OK, thanks.
好的，谢谢。
11. A: Let's have a toast to our guests. Cheers!
来！为我们的贵客干杯！
B: Cheers!
干！
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| 双语诗歌－这些美好不会消逝
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这些美好不会消逝
The pure.the bright,the beautiful, 一切纯洁的,辉煌的,美丽的,
That stirred our hearts in youth, 强烈地震撼着我们年轻的心灵的,
The impulses to wordless prayer, 推动着我们做无言的祷告的,
The dreams of love and truth; 让我们梦想着爱与真理的;
The longing after something's lost, 在失去后为之感到珍惜的,
The spirit's yearning cry, 使灵魂深切地呼喊着的,
The striving after better hopes- 为了更美好的梦想而奋斗着的-
These things can never die. 这些美好不会消逝。
The timid hand stretched forth to aid 羞怯地伸出援助的手，
A brother in his need, 在你的弟兄需要的时候，
A kindly word in grief's dark hour 伤恸、困难的时候，一句亲切的话
That proves a friend indeed ; 就足以证明朋友的真心；
The plea for mercy softly breathed, 轻声地乞求怜悯，
When justice threatens nigh, 在审判临近的时候，
The sorrow of a contrite heart- 懊悔的心有一种伤感--
These things shall never die. 这些美好不会消逝。
Let nothing pass for every hand 在人间传递温情
Must find some work to do ; 尽你所能地去做；
Lose not a chance to waken love- 别错失去了唤醒爱的良机-----
Be firm,and just ,and true; 为人要坚定，正直，忠诚；
So shall a light that cannot fade 因此上方照耀着你的那道光芒
Beam on thee from on high. 就不会消失。
And angel voices say to thee---你将听到天使的声音在说-----
These things shall never die. 这些美好不会消逝。
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| 英文演讲－President's Radio Address
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May 24, 2008
THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. This Memorial Day weekend, kids will be out of school, moms and dads will be firing up the grill, and families across our country will mark the unofficial beginning of summer. But as we do, we should all remember the true purpose of this holiday -- to honor the sacrifices that make our freedom possible.
On Monday, I will commemorate Memorial Day by visiting Arlington National Cemetery, where I will lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknowns. The tomb is the final resting place of three brave American soldiers who lost their lives in combat. The names of these veterans of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War are known only to God. But their valor is known to us all.
Throughout American history, this valor has preserved our way of life and our sacred freedoms. It was this valor that won our independence. It was this valor that removed the stain of slavery from our Nation. And it was this valor that defeated the great totalitarian threats of the last century.
Today, the men and women of our military are facing a new totalitarian threat to our freedom. In Iraq, Afghanistan, and other fronts around the world, they continue the proud legacy of those who came before them. They bear their responsibilities with quiet dignity and honor. And some have made the ultimate sacrifice in defense of their country.
One such hero was Sergeant First Class Benjamin Sebban of the Army's 82nd Airborne Division. As the senior medic in his squadron, Ben made sacrifice a way of life. When younger medics were learning how to insert IVs, he would offer his own arm for practice. And when the time came, Ben did not hesitate to offer his fellow soldiers far more.
On March 17, 2007, in Iraq's Diyala province, Ben saw a truck filled with explosives racing toward his team of paratroopers. He ran into the open to warn them, exposing himself to the blast. Ben received severe wounds, but this good medic never bothered to check his own injuries. Instead, he devoted his final moments on this earth to treating others. Earlier this week, in a ceremony at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, I had the honor of presenting Sergeant Sebban's mom with the Silver Star that he earned.
No words are adequate to console those who have lost a loved one serving our Nation. We can only offer our prayers and join in their grief. We grieve for the mother who hears the sound of her child's 21-gun salute. We grieve for the husband or wife who receives a folded flag. We grieve for a young son or daughter who only knows dad from a photograph.
One holiday is not enough to commemorate all of the sacrifices that have been made by America's men and women in uniform. No group has ever done more to defend liberty than the men and women of the United States Armed Forces. Their bravery has done more than simply win battles. It has done more than win wars. It has secured a way of life for our entire country. These heroes and their families should be in our thoughts and prayers on a daily basis, and they should receive our loving thanks at every possible opportunity.
This Memorial Day, I ask all Americans to honor the sacrifices of those who have served you and our country. One way to do so is by joining in a moment of remembrance that will be marked across our country at 3:00 p.m. local time. At that moment, Major League Baseball games will pause, the National Memorial Day parade will halt, Amtrak trains will blow their whistles, and buglers in military cemeteries will play Taps. You can participate by placing a flag at a veteran's grave, taking your family to the battlefields where freedom was defended, or saying a silent prayer for all the Americans who were delivered out of the agony of war to meet their Creator. Their bravery has preserved the country we love so dearly.
Thank you for listening.
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