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VOA常速英语2014--西非埃博拉疫情考验人权

时间:2014-09-16 15:28:21

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HRW: Ebola Outbreak Tests Human Rights 西非埃博拉疫情考验人权

West African governments are being urged to ensure human rights are respected as they battle the ongoing1 Ebola outbreak. Human Rights Watch says the response to the crisis has been slowed by ignorance, fear, denial and mistrust.

国际社会敦促西非政府在应对仍在继续的埃博拉疫情的时候确保人权得到尊重。人权观察组织表示,由于无知,恐惧,拒绝和不信任,对这场危机的反应被拖延。

Human Rights Watch says protecting rights is “a crucial element in controlling the unprecedented2 Ebola epidemic3 ravaging4 the region.”

人权观察组织表示,保护人权是“抑制这场肆虐整个地区的前所未有的埃博拉疫情的关键因素。”

Corinne Dufka, senior West Africa researcher, said, “We do call on these governments to adopt a human rights framework in addressing this illness, which is creating an incredible strain on these countries, which are recovering from armed conflict in the case of Sierra Leone and Liberia – and then decades of authoritarian5 rule in Guinea.”

Corinne Dufka是西非一名资深研究人员。“我们呼吁这些政府在应对这场疫情的时候制定人权框架。这场疫情在这些国家造成了难以置信的紧张气氛。而塞拉利昂和利比里亚刚刚从武装冲突中恢复,几内亚刚刚结束了数十年的独裁统治。”

She says Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone have histories of corruption6, abuses by security forces and media restrictions7.

她表示,利比里亚,几内亚和塞拉利昂都有着腐败,安全力量滥用权力和媒体禁令的历史。

Dufka said the protection of health care workers is a top priority. At least 140 have died in the outbreak. She said many have raised concerns about a lack of protective suits and equipment needed when treating patients.

Dufka表示,对医护工作者的保护是当务之急。至少140名医务人员已在这场疫情中牺牲。她表示,许多人担忧治疗病人时缺乏所需的防护服和设备。

“We are asking that the governments step up to the plate – that [the] international community help them do that to ensure that the right they have for protection during epidemics8 is respected.”

“我们要求政府做好准备工作,国际社会将帮助他们确保应对疫情时应有的权利得到尊重。”

Besides health professionals, Human Rights Watch said better protection is also needed for janitors9, cleaning staff, drivers and burial staff.

除了医疗专家之外,人权观察组织表示,守卫,清洁人员,司机和殡葬人员也需要更好的保护。

Recently, tension filled the West Pointe neighborhood of Liberia’s capital Monrovia when it was placed under quarantine. Dufka agreed that quarantines are needed at times, but said they’re often more effective in isolated10 communities.

最近,利比里亚首都蒙罗维亚West Pointe社区被隔离,被紧张气氛充斥。Dufka表示,隔离检疫有时是需要的,但是在独立的社区更加有效。

“Because quarantines necessarily address liberty and freedom of movement – as well as freedom to make livelihood11 – we’re asking that other measures that involve public education, working with the community, cooperative measures be used instead. These measures are really the least intrusive12 and restrictive available to be able to reach the same objective,” she said.

“由于隔离检疫必须要解决自由,生存的自由,我们要求采取其他措施,包括公共教育,与社区一起工作等合作措施。这些措施侵入性和限制性是最少的,而且也一样能够达到同样的目的。”

HRW said quarantines must be based on scientific evidence.  And when they are imposed governments have an obligation to provide food, water and health care. It said that “quarantines imposed during this epidemic have frequently not met these standards…and have been applied13 arbitrarily and been overly broad in implementation14.”

人权观察组织表示,隔离检疫必须基于科学证据。当实施了隔离检疫的时候,政府有义务提供食物,水和医疗保护。该组织表示,“疫情期间采取的隔离检疫通常没有达到这些标准,都是武断地进行的,而且实施的范围太大。”

There’s a gender15 dimension to the Ebola crisis, too. UNICEF reported that women account for 55 to 60 percent of the deaths. HRW’s Dufka said it has to due with the role women play.

这场埃博拉疫情危机也存在性别分化。联合国儿童基金会报道称,女性占因埃博拉病毒死亡人数的55%至60%。人权观察组织的Dufka表示,这与女性扮演的角色有关。

“Women are disproportionately represented among nurses and cleaning staff at hospitals and so on. They also care for the sick and then prepare the dead for burial. They’re also more likely to be cross-border traders. So, all of these professions and occupations leave them more vulnerable to infection.”

“女性在医院等地方担任着护工或清洁人权。她们还要照顾病人,为死者准备埋葬。他们还更有可能穿越边境进行贸易。所以,这些职业导致他们更容易感染病毒。”

Dufka said governments must take steps to bridge the information gap about Ebola, which has led to fear and mistrust. This includes public education campaigns and community involvement in prevention strategies. She says that’s an obligation defined under the International Covenant16 on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Dufka表示,政府必须采取措施弥补关于埃博拉的信息缺失。信息缺失导致恐惧和不信任。包括公共教育活动和社区参与预防策略。她表示,这是国际经济,社会和文化权利公约所规定的义务。

“Now, the local human rights community, local radios, local NGOs are doing a fantastic job at trying to educate the public. They’re using community radio. They’re using local, traditional and religious leaders. And so we’re calling on the governments to work directly with them. They already are in many places to really systematize that relationship, as well as for the international community to support these groups,” she said.

“现在,当地人权组织,当地电台和当地非政府组织在教育公众方面都做得不错。他们利用当地电台,利用当地的,传统的,宗教的领袖。所以,我们呼吁政府直接与他们一起努力。他们已经深入许多地方,将关系系统化,也有利于国际社会支持这些组织。”

Dufka said security forces “are playing a central role” in the epidemic and are charged with enforcing quarantines. She said since the end of regional conflicts in the 1990s and early 2000s they have received much training and are more accountable for their actions.

Dufka表示,安全力量在疫情方面发挥着中心作用,也负责实施隔离检疫。她表示,自从90年代末,本世纪初该地区的冲突结束以来,他们接受了更多训练,更能为自己的行为负责。

“That said -- we have been receiving reports of particularly extortion and bribe17 taking during periods and places of quarantine.”

“我们收到报告称隔离检疫的某些地方某些阶段发生了敲诈和贿赂的情况。”

Human Rights Watch called on the governments of Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone to adopt a zero tolerance18 policy when it comes to abuse by security forces.

人权观察组织呼吁利比里亚,几内亚和塞拉利昂政府对安全力量滥用权力采取零容忍的政策。

Also, HRW said the international community must do much more to help African governments deal with the health crisis – and ensure transparency into how donor19 funds are being spent.

同时,人权观察组织表示,国际社会必须采取更多措施帮助非洲政府应对这场安全危机,确保捐款的使用情况透明化。


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1 ongoing 6RvzT     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
2 unprecedented 7gSyJ     
adj.无前例的,新奇的
参考例句:
  • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
  • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
3 epidemic 5iTzz     
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
参考例句:
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
4 ravaging e90f8f750b2498433008f5dea0a1890a     
毁坏( ravage的现在分词 ); 蹂躏; 劫掠; 抢劫
参考例句:
  • It is believed that in fatigue there is a repeated process of ravaging the material. 据认为,在疲劳中,有一个使材料毁坏的重复过程。
  • I was able to capture the lion that was ravaging through town. 我能逮住正在城里肆虐的那头狮子。
5 authoritarian Kulzq     
n./adj.专制(的),专制主义者,独裁主义者
参考例句:
  • Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
  • The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。
6 corruption TzCxn     
n.腐败,堕落,贪污
参考例句:
  • The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
  • The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
7 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
8 epidemics 4taziV     
n.流行病
参考例句:
  • Reliance upon natural epidemics may be both time-consuming and misleading. 依靠天然的流行既浪费时间,又会引入歧途。
  • The antibiotic epidemics usually start stop when the summer rainy season begins. 传染病通常会在夏天的雨季停止传播。
9 janitors 57ca206edb2855b724941b4089bf8ca7     
n.看门人( janitor的名词复数 );看管房屋的人;锅炉工
参考例句:
  • The janitors were always kicking us out. 守卫总是将~踢出去。 来自互联网
  • My aim is to be one of the best janitors in the world. 我的目标是要成为全世界最好的守门人。 来自互联网
10 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
11 livelihood sppzWF     
n.生计,谋生之道
参考例句:
  • Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
  • My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。
12 intrusive Palzu     
adj.打搅的;侵扰的
参考例句:
  • The cameras were not an intrusive presence.那些摄像机的存在并不令人反感。
  • Staffs are courteous but never intrusive.员工谦恭有礼却从不让人感到唐突。
13 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
14 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
15 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
16 covenant CoWz1     
n.盟约,契约;v.订盟约
参考例句:
  • They refused to covenant with my father for the property.他们不愿与我父亲订立财产契约。
  • The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。
17 bribe GW8zK     
n.贿赂;v.向…行贿,买通
参考例句:
  • He tried to bribe the policeman not to arrest him.他企图贿赂警察不逮捕他。
  • He resolutely refused their bribe.他坚决不接受他们的贿赂。
18 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差
参考例句:
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
19 donor dstxI     
n.捐献者;赠送人;(组织、器官等的)供体
参考例句:
  • In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下,接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
  • The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

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