2007年VOA标准英语-New Pill Developed to Curb Alcoholism
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By Melinda SmithWashington
12 July 2007
Alcoholism is a growing problem worldwide. The World Health Organization reports that alcohol causes almost two million deaths every year and results in physical disability or shortened life span for at least 58 million others. Now a drug -- already used to help smokers1 cut back -- is showing promise as a way to reduce alcohol consumption. VOA's Melinda Smith has the story.
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| Varenicline |
No research on the drug as a treatment for alcoholism has been done yet on humans. But one study on rats shows varenicline cuts desire for alcohol by 50 percent. The rats do not exhibit excessive drinking even after they are no longer given the drug.
That reduced desire for alcohol could be a key element in any future testing on humans. Often alcoholics2 tend to go back to drinking after they quit taking any of the current drugs on the market.
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| Dr. Salena Bartlett |
Varenicline has been available for about a year as a treatment to curb3 nicotine4 addiction5. Dr. Bartlett thinks it will help drinkers too. ”There is a huge link in smoking and drinking."
Eighty-five percent of alcoholics are also believed to smoke, and researchers are hoping patients would then be able to take one drug for both conditions.
The World Health Organization says most of the increase in global alcohol consumption is happening in developing countries. The WHO says alcoholism is occurring in places where drinking has not been a traditional part of the culture and there are few treatment programs available.
Dr. Bartlett believes successful treatment with varenicline may be possible because it targets the center of the brain, which releases dopamine -- the 'feel good' neurotransmitter that is temporarily triggered by drugs, cigarettes or alcohol. Varenicline shuts down the release of dopamine, which then shuts off the desire.
While the drug shows promise, researchers caution that its release to the public is still a long way off. Even then, they say, curing alcoholism will take more than just swallowing a pill.
