VOA标准英语2009年-Afghanistan Seeks to Control Own Desti

（单词翻译）

The ultimate goal for the US and its allies is to transfer security responsibilities to Afghan forces. But before that can happen, Afghanistan's government must effectively combat rampant¹ corruption² within its ranks.

Sean Maroney | Islamabad 17 December 2009

 
Photo: VOA Image
US soldiers hold a position in Afghanistan

 
In early 2009, Taliban insurgents³ controlled most of southern Afghanistan as well as the country's lucrative⁴ drug trade.

The U.S.-led coalition⁵ targeted suspected militant⁶ positions with increased air strikes.

Deadly cost

But the director of operations for the International Committee of the Red Cross Pierre Kraehenbuhl said this strategy came with a deadly cost.

"The conflict is intensifying⁷, is affecting wider parts of Afghanistan, civilian⁸ casualties are significantly higher in numbers than a year ago," he noted⁹.

The air strikes caused a public backlash as reports of civilian casualties rose.

Afghan President Hamid Karzai said civilian deaths were a main source of instability in his country.

In response, the U.S. and its NATO allies tightened¹⁰ the rules of engagement to limit civilian casualties.

Cautious approach

Washington's top military commander, Admiral Mike Mullen, tells VOA that using more caution when launching attacks on militants¹¹ will be better for the coalition in the long run.

"Every time you kill an Afghan civilian - man, woman or child - you have a strategic failure," he explained.  "And you can pile up all these tactical success, but you're also piling up strategic failure, and eventually, your mission fails."

New strategy

In late March, U.S. President Barack Obama announced a new focus on Afghanistan.

US President Barack Obama

"For three years, our commanders have been clear about the resources they need for training. Those resources have been denied because of the war in Iraq," explained President Obama.  "Now, that will change."

Mr. Obama ordered thousands of more U.S. troops to the country.  Later on, he also changed the top military leadership there to U.S. General Stanley McChrystal with the explicit¹² order to minimize civilian casualties.

As Afghanistan's security situation worsened, the country's political stability continued to crumble¹³.  President Karzai's term was scheduled to end in May, but the Afghan government delayed the vote until the end of August in hopes that the security situation would improve.

Insurgency¹⁴ intensifies¹⁵

The Taliban intensified¹⁶ its insurgency in an effort to disrupt the presidential election.  But on August 20, millions of Afghans went to the polls despite the violence.

In the months that followed, international election observers declared that widespread fraud had marred¹⁷ the vote, with most of it benefiting President Karzai.  Afghan officials called for a runoff between Mr. Karzai and his top challenger, former Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah.

But Abdullah withdrew just days before the election, saying he did not think the vote would be fair.  In early November, Afghan election officials declared Mr. Karzai the winner by default.

Afghan President Hamid Karzai

Deadliest year

Since the fall of the Taliban eight years ago, 2009 has been the deadliest year for international forces in Afghanistan.  President Karzai says he hopes that by the end of his new five-year term, Afghan forces will lead all security operations in the country.

Following Mr. Karzai's declaration, U.S. President Barack Obama announced an additional 30,000 U.S. troops to Afghanistan and requested that NATO countries also send more troops.

"Taken together, these additional American and international troops will allow us to accelerate handing over responsibility to Afghan forces, and allow us to begin the transfer of our forces out of Afghanistan in July of 2011," said President Obama.

Corruption - big problem

Kabul-based political analyst¹⁸ Akmal Dawi says corruption in Afghanistan's government, and the lack of resources and training for its forces, will require the coalition to stay longer.

"To be realistic in terms of the challenges this country has been facing, 10 to 15 years will be a realistic timeframe for Afghanistan to defend itself without the international support," he noted.

How long will US remain?

And President Karzai says his country will not be able to sustain its forces alone for another 15 to 20 years.

"We hope that the international community, in particular the United States as our first ally will help Afghanistan to reach the ability in terms of its economic ability as well eventually to sustain the force that would protect Afghanistan with the right numbers and the right equipment," said President Karzai.
 
Mr. Karzai has vowed¹⁹ to more effectively combat corruption in the coming year and has started investigations²⁰ into a number of government officials.

Upcoming elections

But as Afghans prepare to vote in parliamentary elections in 2010, some observers are concerned that this poll could be more costly²¹ and convoluted²² than the presidential election.  Another fear is that Afghans simply will not go to the polls for fear of Taliban retribution or just general apathy²³.

But as the death tolls²⁴ for civilians²⁵ and troops in the country continue to rise, analysts²⁶ say the international community and Afghanistan cannot afford to be apathetic²⁷.