VOA标准英语2010年-Report Says Russia Losing Edge in Scie

（单词翻译）

A recent report by Thomson Reuters, the parent company of Britain's Reuters news agency, indicates Russia is losing influence in science and science-based industries. Russia is also suffering a brain drain that is exacerbating¹ the problem.

The report says Russian science has suffered from drastic budget cuts since the collapse² of the Soviet³ Union in 1991.

Funding for Russia's best research institutes amounts to no more than five percent of comparable institutions in the United States, according to a source cited by Thomson Reuters.

In December, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev criticized Rosneft, the state run company that owns the world's largest oil and gas reserves, for spending only 15 one-thousandths of a percent of its revenues on research and development. "There is a need to change the ideology⁴ and psychology⁵ of doing business in modern conditions," he said. "One should work on this and stop sleeping."

Russia has also suffered a serious brain drain since 1991, the report says. An estimated 80,000 scientists have left the country in search of better pay, funding and facilities. 

Economist⁶ Mikhail Delyagin, director of Moscow's Problems of Globalization Institute, says bad working conditions, bureaucracy, and a lack of modernization⁷ are other factors driving away talent.

"Scientists in their institutes feel like serfs who work for completely ignorant people who do not know what they are talking about," Delyagin said. "In terms of their development, they have remained in the 20th and even the 19th century."

The average age for a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, according to the report, is over 50 (years old).

Sixty is the average in defense⁸ industries, says military analyst⁹ Pavel Felgenhauer.  "Young people (leaving the country) have emphasized salaries to support their families, because in many cases the military industrial complex has little money," he stated.

Universities that fail to transfer knowledge to the next generation are another problem Felgenhauer says. He blames corrupt¹⁰ professors who he claims are accepting bribes¹¹ in exchange for good grades.

President Medvedev says Russia should attract foreign experts to revive science in the country.  Mikhail Delyagin says such experts could threaten powerful Russian oil interests. "Why do we need bio-tech experts?  Why do we need energy efficiency experts? Introducing them means hitting the energy monopolist over the head.  Energy efficiency means fewer energy profits," Delyagin said.

Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the imprisoned¹² Kremlin critic and former head of the Yukos Oil Company, in a recent op-ed column, said Russia's demand for skills in fundamental and applied¹³ sciences is declining in light of the appetite for raw materials and corruption¹⁴.