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GRE写作之Argument提分句式

时间:2014-03-08 00:33:19

(单词翻译:单击)

   GRE Argument写作常用论证句式

  The mere1 fact thatticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient2 evidence to conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.
  The fact that the nearby city has a weakening economy does not prove that (does not support the claim that/does not ensure that/lends no strong support to the conclusion that) the city will not contribute significantly to tax revenues.
  The fact thatthe student performance improved after the application of interactive3 computer instruction does not necessarily imply that the new teaching method is responsible for the achievements.
  The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.
  The argument simply equatessuccess with movie ticket sales, which is unwarranted.
  The author assumes thatphysical capabilities4 are the only attributes necessary to operate a motor vehicle.
  The author provides no evidence that the realism of photography is the reason for its predominance.
  This assumption presents a false dilemma5, since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives.
  Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media.
  While this may be true in some cases, but it is equally possible thatonly companies with products that are already best-sellers can afford the higher ad rates that popular shows demand.
  Lacking some specific information abouthow these other employees responded, it is impossible to assess the reliability6 of the survey's results or to make an informed recommendation.
  The editorial fails to take into account possible differences betweenEast and West Cambria that are relevant to how drivers react to speed-limit changes.
  While it is true that many voters change their minds several times before voting, and that some remain undecided until entering the voting booth, this is not true of anyone.
  Unless the author can demonstrate thatthe city will incur7 expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues from these projects, the author's concern about these issues is unfounded.
  The author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for proportional decreases in spending on food.
  The author ignores/fails to take into account (consider/explain) other likely benefits of agricultural technology that affect food pieces only indirectly8 or not at all.
  Unlessthe original cast and production team are involved in making the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financially successful.
  The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing9 an either-or choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.
  Comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify the actual cause(s) ofthe company's lowered profitability.
  Therefore, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of falling circulation must be based on more thorough investigation10 to gather sufficient data in order to narrow down and locate the actual causes(s) of the problem.
  From the survey quoted in the argument, however, we find no sign of such procedures for random11 sampling, and have good reason to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general attitudes of all workers as a whole.
  When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generalization12 they are used to support, so that historical changes will not invalidate the generalization.
  The problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify15 the analogical deduction16.
  The argument rests on the gratuitous/unreasonable assumption thatApia's work and quality are more superior to Macadam.
  The arguer fails to establish a causal relationship betweenthe homework frequency and the performance of students.
  The arguer's conclusion depends on the questionable17 assumption thatBecton Pharmaceuticals18 will not be able to maintain its present position in the market.
  The arguer fails to provide any information concerningthe performance of the new quality control manager.
  The reasoning (assumption) thatall employees at Acme19 Publishing Company need to improve their reading speed is open to doubt/doubtful/suspicious/unreliable/problematic/questionable/unconvincing/unfounded/unwarrantec/groundless.
  Another assumption in short of legitimacyis the causal relationship claimed between taking the Easy Read course and the reading ability of the first graduate.
  The arguer oversimplifies the factors that would influence the overall quality of a game software.
  The arguer overemphasizes the importance of carrying out the regulation.
  The conclusion reached in this argument is invalid13 and probably misleading.
  The evidence provided in this argument is not sufficient to validate14 the assumption that funding for education is not a priority for most people.
  The statistical20 evidence/the result of the survey upon which the argument relies is too vague to be informative21.
  The result of the study is incomplete to be conclusive22.
  The argument relies on figures that are too imprecise to support the conclusion drawn23.
  If the subjects for the study were randomly24 chosen and represent a diverse cross section of the population of…, the results will be reliable regardless of …Since the arguer makes a claim about … in general, the sample for the survey should be able to represent all …Yet we are told nothing about the way the poll was conducted and how well it represented the public opinions.
  The example cited, while suggestive of these trends, is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to believe that the data draw from…is representative of…The arguer assumes that what is true of a group as a whole is necessarily true of each member of that group.
  The argument assumes that what is true of group of people taken collectively is also true of any individual within that group.
  The argument attributes a characteristic of an individual member of a group to the group as a whole.
  The arguer supports the conclusion by over-generalizing from a specific piece of evidence.
  The arguer draws a hasty conclusion which is based on inadequate25 evidence about…The arguer generalizes on the basis of a sample consisting of atypical cases.
  The arguer uses a few exceptional cases as the basis for a claim about what is true in general.
  The arguer draws a conclusion that is broader in scope than is warranted by the evidence advanced.
  The arguer infers from what has been observed to be the case under exceptional conditions to what is principle true.
 

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1 mere rC1xE     
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
参考例句:
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
2 insufficient L5vxu     
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的
参考例句:
  • There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
  • In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代,科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
3 interactive KqZzFY     
adj.相互作用的,互相影响的,(电脑)交互的
参考例句:
  • The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
  • This will make videogames more interactive than ever.这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。
4 capabilities f7b11037f2050959293aafb493b7653c     
n.能力( capability的名词复数 );可能;容量;[复数]潜在能力
参考例句:
  • He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大,自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
  • Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为,标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
5 dilemma Vlzzf     
n.困境,进退两难的局面
参考例句:
  • I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
  • He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。
6 reliability QVexf     
n.可靠性,确实性
参考例句:
  • We mustn't presume too much upon the reliability of such sources.我们不应过分指望这类消息来源的可靠性。
  • I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。
7 incur 5bgzy     
vt.招致,蒙受,遭遇
参考例句:
  • Any costs that you incur will be reimbursed in full.你的所有花费都将全额付还。
  • An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.一个企业为了维持营业,就不得不承担一定的费用和开支。
8 indirectly a8UxR     
adv.间接地,不直接了当地
参考例句:
  • I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
  • They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人,他们进行了间接接触。
9 imposing 8q9zcB     
adj.使人难忘的,壮丽的,堂皇的,雄伟的
参考例句:
  • The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
  • He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。
10 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
11 random HT9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
12 generalization 6g4xv     
n.普遍性,一般性,概括
参考例句:
  • This sweeping generalization is the law of conservation of energy.这一透彻的概括就是能量守恒定律。
  • The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。
13 invalid V4Oxh     
n.病人,伤残人;adj.有病的,伤残的;无效的
参考例句:
  • He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
  • A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。
14 validate Jiewm     
vt.(法律)使有效,使生效
参考例句:
  • You need an official signature to validate the order.你要有正式的签字,这张汇票才能生效。
  • In order to validate the agreement,both parties sign it.为使协议有效,双方在上面签了字。
15 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
16 deduction 0xJx7     
n.减除,扣除,减除额;推论,推理,演绎
参考例句:
  • No deduction in pay is made for absence due to illness.因病请假不扣工资。
  • His deduction led him to the correct conclusion.他的推断使他得出正确的结论。
17 questionable oScxK     
adj.可疑的,有问题的
参考例句:
  • There are still a few questionable points in the case.这个案件还有几个疑点。
  • Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
18 pharmaceuticals be065c8a4af3a2d925d11969faac34cf     
n.医药品;药物( pharmaceutical的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the development of new pharmaceuticals 新药的开发
  • The companies are pouring trillions of yen into biotechnology research,especially for pharmaceuticals and new seeds. 这些公司将大量资金投入生物工艺学研究,尤其是药品和新种子方面。 来自《简明英汉词典》
19 acme IynzH     
n.顶点,极点
参考例句:
  • His work is considered the acme of cinematic art. 他的作品被认为是电影艺术的巅峰之作。
  • Schubert reached the acme of his skill while quite young. 舒伯特的技巧在他十分年轻时即已达到了顶峰。
20 statistical bu3wa     
adj.统计的,统计学的
参考例句:
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
21 informative 6QczZ     
adj.提供资料的,增进知识的
参考例句:
  • The adverts are not very informative.这些广告并没有包含太多有用信息。
  • This intriguing book is both thoughtful and informative.这本引人入胜的书既有思想性又富知识性。
22 conclusive TYjyw     
adj.最后的,结论的;确凿的,消除怀疑的
参考例句:
  • They produced some fairly conclusive evidence.他们提供了一些相当确凿的证据。
  • Franklin did not believe that the French tests were conclusive.富兰克林不相信这个法国人的实验是结论性的。
23 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
24 randomly cktzBM     
adv.随便地,未加计划地
参考例句:
  • Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内,分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
  • Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句
25 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。