2007年VOA标准英语-Nigerian Government Announces Currency Reform

Nigeria has won praise from the international community for free-market reforms that have spurred high levels of growth, slashed¹ inflation and earned the country significant debt relief. And as Gilbert da Costa reports for VOA from Abuja, it is now planning to restructure the country's currency.

Central Bank Governor Charles Soludo raises a new naira note in Abuja, 28 Feb 2007

Central Bank Governor Chukwuma Soludo says the plan involves dropping two zeroes off the naira. Soludo says the change will make it easier to manage inflation, cut back on production costs, and promote the use of small-denomination³ coins. He says it will also alleviate⁴ the burden on consumers, who have to carry large bundles of naira bills just to purchase daily staples⁵.

"Redenomination and introduction of totally new currency structure, following the progress made with other reforms and the enabling conditions in the economy today, are designed to better anchor the inflationary expectations, strengthen public confidence in the naira, make for easier conversions⁶ to other currencies, eliminate higher denomination notes with lower value and reduce the cost of production, distribution and processing of currencies, promote the usage of coins and lay the foundation for the convertibility⁷ of the naira," said Soludo.

International financial experts are generally pleased with Nigeria's efforts to improve its economy. It has achieved high levels of growth, reduced inflation to single digits⁸, and won $18 billion in debt relief last year. And President Umaru Yar'Adua's has pledged to deepen the economic reforms carried out by his predecessor⁹, former President Olusegun Obasanjo.

An IMF team is due to visit Nigeria later this month for discussions with officials on what is known as the Policy Support Initiative, a joint¹⁰ IMF-Nigerian initiative to boost production while keeping a tight grip on inflation.

In line with the federal government's strict control of public spending, a large chunk¹¹ of Nigeria's windfall oil revenue is now being kept in what is known as the excess crude account. Nigeria's total foreign reserves stand at $43 billion, up from just $7 billion a few years ago.

Recently, the federal government has come under pressure from Nigeria's semi-autonomous states to release the foreign reserves to alleviate poverty.

But the International Monetary¹² Fund representative in Nigeria, Michael Bell, says it is essential for Nigeria to limit spending to help control inflation and prevent the boom and bust¹³ cycles caused by oil price swings.

"In the last few years, Nigeria has set itself an oil reference point, and it has managed to sustain significant levels of oil savings," he said. "I think one of the challenges going forward is to continue that performance. Many people recognize that there are pressures for a higher rate of expenditure¹⁴ from the oil revenues. Nigeria has to thread a careful path between ensuring as rapid a development as possible without destabilizing the economy."

Nigeria, Africa's largest oil producer, is the second largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa.