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法国核聚变试验创下新纪录
France Sets New Record in Hunt for Nuclear Fusion
The team said their work marks an important step in the search for nuclear fusion methods that could produce massive amounts of clean energy in the future.
该团队表示，他们的工作标志着寻找未来可以生产大量清洁能源的核聚变方法的重要一步。
France's Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) said the experiment –
法国原子能委员会（ECA）表示，
carried out February 12 – showed the process kept, or maintained, a state of plasma for 1,337 seconds.
2月12日进行的实验表明，该过程保持了1337秒的等离子体状态。
The CEA added that the new record was 25 percent longer than the previous one, set in China last month.
ECA补充说，新纪录比上个月在中国创下的纪录长了25%。
The aim of fusion research is to create the same kind of nuclear reaction that happens in the center of the sun.
核聚变研究的目的是创造与太阳中心发生的相同类型的核反应。
In a fusion reaction, the centers of two atoms fuse, or join together, to form a new atom with a heavier nucleus, or center.
在聚变反应中，两个原子的中心融合或结合在一起，形成一个原子核或中心更重的新原子。
This process releases large amounts of energy.
这个过程会释放大量的能量。
Some experts say this means fusion could be a major source of clean, safe, and almost limitless energy in the future.
一些专家表示，这意味着核聚变可能成为未来清洁、安全、几乎无限能源的主要来源。
However, because fusion happens at very high temperatures, it is difficult to control.
然而，由于聚变发生在非常高的温度下，因此很难控制。
The scientists in France used a machine called a tokamak to do their research.
法国的科学家使用一种名为托克马克的机器来进行研究。
The machine is a circular ring with strong walls to resist intense heat.
该机器是一个圆环，有坚固的壁以抵抗高温。
Inside the ring, hydrogen atoms are heated to temperatures up to about 50 million degrees Celsius.
在环内，氢原子被加热到高达约5000万摄氏度的温度。
The process creates plasma that is held together by powerful magnets.
该过程产生的等离子体由强大的磁铁固定在一起。
Anne-Isabelle Etienvre is the CEA's head of fundamental research.
安妮·伊莎贝尔·艾蒂恩维尔是美国农业部的基础研究负责人。
She told the French news agency AFP the new record for making plasma shows "that we control its production, but also its maintenance."
她对法新社说，制造等离子体的新纪录表明，“我们控制了它的生产，及其保持。”
However, Etienvre noted that there are still many "technological barriers" to overcome before fusion can "produce more energy than it consumes."
然而，艾蒂安弗尔指出，在核聚变“产生的能量多于消耗的能量”之前，仍有许多“技术障碍”需要克服。
Scientists say that for nuclear fusion to succeed, hydrogen atoms will need to be heated up to more than 100 million degrees Celsius.
科学家表示，核聚变要想成功，氢原子需要被加热到1亿多摄氏度。
At this extreme temperature, plasma can become unstable and difficult to control.
在这种极端温度下，等离子体可能变得不稳定且难以控制。
This can lead to energy loss and limit how well a possible future nuclear fusion reactor could work.
这可能会导致能量损失并限制未来核聚变反应堆的工作效果。
In the coming months, the research team will look to increase the time they can keep the atoms in a plasma state.
在接下来的几个月里，研究团队将寻求增加将原子保持在等离子体状态的时间。
They hope to bring the total time "up to several hours combined."
他们希望将总时间“加起来达到几个小时”。
The CEA noted that in future experiments, scientists will also aim to heat the plasma to higher temperatures and examine the effects the hot plasma has on their testing machine.
CEA指出，在未来的实验中，科学家还将致力于将等离子体加热到更高的温度，并检查热等离子体对他们的测试机器的影响。
Teams from multiple countries are working together in southern France to build the world's largest tokamak and fusion research center, called ITER.
来自多个国家的团队正在法国南部共同建设世界上最大的托卡马克和聚变研究中心，名为ITER。
The effort includes scientists from the United States, China, the European Union, India, Japan, South Korea, and Russia.
这项工作包括来自美国、中国、欧盟、印度、日本、韩国和俄罗斯的科学家。
The teams hope the current research on maintaining plasma will be useful for future projects at ITER.
研究小组希望目前关于维持等离子体的研究将对ITER未来的项目有用。
However, AFP reports that repeated delays and increasing costs have postponed operations at ITER until at least 2033.
然而，法新社报道称，反复延误和成本增加已导致ITER的运营至少推迟到2033年。
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