5.Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
Winston S .Churchill
When I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasion of Russia. This changed conviction into certainty. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. There only remained the task of composing it. I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broad-cast at 9 o' clock that night. Presently General Dill, who had hastened down from London, came into my bedroom with detailed news. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence. The Chief of the Imperial General Staff added, "I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes ."
I spent the day composing my statement. There was not time to consult the War Cabinet, nor was it necessary. I knew that we all felt the same on this issue. Mr. Eden, Lord Beaverbrook, and Sir Stafford Cripps – he had left Moscow on the 10th – were also with me during the day.
The following account of this Sunday at Chequers by my Private Secretary, Mr. Colville, who was on duty this weekend, may be of interest:
"On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were staying. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should go all out to help Russia. Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.
After dinner, when I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. Mr. Churchill replied, "Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. '
I was awoken at 4 a. m. the following morning by a telephone message from the F. O. to the effect that Germany had attacked Russia. The P. M. had always said that he was never to be woken up for anything but Invasion (of England). I therefore postponed telling him till 8 am. His only comment was, 'Tell the B.B.C. I will broadcast at 9 to – night. 'He began to prepare the speech at 11a. m., and except for luncheon（= lunch）, at which Sir Stafford Cripps, Lord Cranborne, and Lord Beaverbrook were present, he devoted the whole day to it… The speech was only ready at twenty minutes to nine."
In this broadcast I said:
"The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Communism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a more consistent consistent opponent of Communism than I have for the last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking , heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
"Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind...
"I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due concur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day's delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... That is our policy and that is our declaration. It follows therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. We shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end....
"This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States, but this I will say：if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.
"This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this tyranny. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler's blood-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a penalty to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain – namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.
"The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth ）and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. "
第五课
关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话
温斯顿o邱吉尔
二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。于是，我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句，"我估计他们将会大批地被包围。" 一整天我都在写讲稿，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，也没有必要这样做。我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵，还有斯塔福德o克里普斯爵士--他是十号离开莫斯科回国的--那天也同我在一起。
那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字，也许值得一提：
"六月二十一日，星期六。晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华o布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。晚饭席上，邱吉尔先生说，德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。不过，希特勒的如意算盘打错了。我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。
晚饭后，当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时，他又一次谈到了这一话题。我当时问他，对于他这个头号反共大将来说，这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。'绝非如此。我现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱，我至少会在下议院替魔鬼说几句好话的。'
次日清晨四点钟，我被电话铃惊醒，原来是外交部来的电话，内容是报告德国已开始进攻俄国的消息。首相一向吩咐，只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。因此，我等到八点钟才向他报告这一消息。他听完消息后只说了一句话：'通知英国广播电台，我今晚九点要发表广播讲话。'他从上午十一点开始撰写讲稿，中间除与斯塔福德．克里普斯爵士、克兰伯恩勋爵和比弗布鲁克勋爵共进午餐外，这一天的全部时间都花在写讲稿上了……讲稿直到九点差二十分才写好。"
在这次广播讲话中，我说道：
"纳粹政体与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。除了贪欲和种族统治外，它没有任何指导思想和行动准则。它在残酷压迫和疯狂侵略过程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人类历史上可谓空前绝后。在过去的二十五年中，我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。过去对共产主义所作的批评我仍然一句也不想收回。但现在展现在我们面前的景象已经将那一切冲得烟消云散了。过去的一切，连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼前看到的是俄国的士兵昂然挺立于自己的国土，英勇地捍卫着他们祖祖辈辈自古以来一直辛勤耕耘着的土地。我看到他们正在守卫着自己的家园，在那里母亲和妻子正在向上帝祈祷--是啊，任何人都总有祈祷的时候--祈求上帝保佑她们的亲人的平安，并保佑她们的壮劳力、她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。我看见成千上万的俄国村庄，那儿的人们虽然要靠在土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维持生计，却依然能够享受到天伦之乐，那儿的姑娘在欢笑，儿童在嬉戏。我看到这一切正面临着凶暴的袭击，正杀气腾腾地扑向他们的是纳粹的战争机器同它的那些全副武装、刀剑当当有声、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、刚刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。我还看到那些呆头呆脑、训练有素、既驯服听话又凶残野蛮的德国士兵像一群蝗虫般地向前蠕动着。我看见天空中那些屡遭英军痛击、余悸未消的德国轰炸机和战斗机此时正庆幸终于找到他们以为是无力反抗、可手到即擒的猎物。 "在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后，我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织，并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行……
"我不得不在此宣布大英帝国政府的决定--我相信大英帝国各自治领对这一决定会适时地表示一致赞同--因为我们必须立即表明自己的态度，一天也不应拖延。我必须发表正式宣言，难道还会有人不清楚我们将会采取何种政策吗?我们只有一个目标，一个唯一的、不可改变的目标--我们决心消灭希特勒及纳粹政权的一切痕迹。无论什么都不能使我们离开这一目标。我们决不妥协，我们绝不与希特勒及其帮凶谈判议和。我们将对他实施地面打击，我们将对他实施海上打击，我们将对他实施空中打击，直到在主的帮助下，将他的魔影从地球上消除，将纳粹统治下的人民从他所设的枷锁中解放出来。任何坚持同纳粹集团作战的个人和国家都将得到我们的援助，任何与希特勒同流合污的个人和国家都是我们的敌人……这就是我们的政策，这就是我们的宣言。因此，我们将竭尽全力援助俄国政府和俄国人民。我们还将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟国与我们同心协力，坚定不移地战斗到底……
"这绝不是一场阶级战争，而是一场大英帝国和英联邦共同参加的、不分种族、宗教信仰或政党派别的全民战争。至于美国方面的行动，我无权代作宣言，但我要声明一点：如果希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家稍稍转移目标或松懈斗志的话，那他就大错特错了。恰恰相反，我们将会更加坚强、更加勇敢地为将人类从他的暴政下解救出来而奋斗，我们将加强而不是削弱自己的决心和力量。
"那些让自己遭到各个击破的国家和政府，当初若是采取联合一致的行动，本来是可以使自己和全世界免遭这场劫难的。现在当然不是对他们的愚蠢行为发表评论的时候。但在几分钟前，当我谈到希特勒受其嗜血成性、邪恶贪婪的驱使或引诱，贸然发动了这次对俄国的侵略冒险时，我还说过在他的疯狂行为的背后隐藏着一个深谋远虑的动机。他之所以想摧毁俄国，乃是因为他期望着一旦这一行动顺利得手，他便可以将其陆、空军主力从东线调回，投入对英伦三岛的进攻。他清楚地知道，他必须征服英国，否则，他将因其犯下的种种罪行而受到惩罚。入侵俄国的行动只不过是他蓄谋已久的对英伦三岛的入侵行动的序幕而已。毫无疑问，他期望这一切能在冬季到来之前全部完成，期望在美国的海空军来不及插手干预之前即能征服大不列颠。他期望能以空前的规模再度重演他长期以来赖以发迹的将敌手各个击破的故伎，然后便可以腾出场地来演出最后的一幕--将整个西半球置于他的控制和统治之下。他知道，如果做不到这一点，他的全部战果都将化为泡影。
"由此可知，俄国现在所面临的危险就是我们自己的危险，同样也是美国的危险；俄国人民保家卫国的事业就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事业。让我们从过去的残酷的历史经验中汲取教训吧。让我们趁着生命未息、力量尚存之时，加倍努力，团结奋斗吧。"
(摘自《第二次世界大战》第三卷)
词汇(Vocabulary)
horde ( n.) :a large，moving crowd or throng群，人群
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croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game-、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏)
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luncheon ( n.) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会
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Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party)．founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子
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indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的
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devoid ( adj.) :completely without；empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)
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excel ( v．) :be better or greater than，or superior to(another or others)优于；胜过
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ferocious ( adj.) :fierce；savage；violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的
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unsay ( v．) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言)；收回(前言)
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folly ( n.) :foolishness；any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢；愚蠢的行为(或思想等)
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threshold ( n.) :doorstill；entrance or beginning point of sth．门槛；人口；开端
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till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops，as by plowing，fertilizing，etc．；cultivate耕种；耕耘；耕作
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immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record；ancient无法追忆的；无文字记载的；古老的
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wring (v．) :．get or extract by force，threats，persistence，etc.; extort强求；榨取；勒索
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primodial (adj.) :not derivative；fundamental；original根本的；基本的
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hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc．；very ugly or revolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的
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onslaught ( n.) :a violent，intense attack猛攻
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clank ( v. ) : make a sharp，metallic sound发当啷声，发铿锵声
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dandify ( v．) :make a look like a dandy；dress up使打扮得像花花公子；给……穿上盛装，给……乔装打扮
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crafty ( adj.) :subtly deceitful；cunning；artful；sly狡猾的，狡诈的，诡计多端的
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cow ( v．) :make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe；intimidate恫吓，吓唬，威胁
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docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline；tractable易管教的；顺从的，温顺的，驯服的；听话的
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brutish ( adj. ) :of or like a brute；savage；gross野兽般的，残忍的；粗野的
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plod ( v．) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously；trudge沉重缓慢地走
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swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆
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locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited蝗虫
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smart ( v．) :feel mental distress or irritation，as in resentment，remorse，etc．感到痛苦；感到伤心
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prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的动物；牺牲者；牺牲品
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villainous ( adj.) :of，like，or characteristic of a villain；evil；vicious；wicked坏人的；邪恶的；恶棍似的
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cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water；deluge洪水；急流；大雨
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concur ( v．) :agree(with)；be in accord(in an opinion，etc．)同意，赞成，与……(意见)一致(常与with，in连用)
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irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked，recalled，or undone；unalterable不能取消的；不可废止的；不可改变的；无可挽回的
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vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹；遗迹；痕迹
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parley ( v. ) :have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy；confer会谈(尤指与敌方的谈判)
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creed ( n.) :a statement of belief，principles，or opinions on any subject信条；信念
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divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint，practice，etc．偏离，背离，背驰
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moralise ( v．) :think，write，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self-righteous or tedious way(在言谈或写作中)论道德问题；说教
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catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难；灾祸；祸患
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blood-lust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound杀人欲，嗜杀狂
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lure ( v．) :attract，tempt，or entice(often with Dm)吸引；诱惑；不断引诱(常与on连用)
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hurl ( v．) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛掷；猛抛
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prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc．；preliminary part； preface；opening序言；序幕
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intervene ( v．) :come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant；interpose干涉，干预
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subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control；conquering征服，制服
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hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life：family life；home炉边；家庭生活；家庭
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短语 (Expressions)
round up: cause sb．or sth．to gather in one place驱集，使集拢
例： The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach．导游把游客集合在一起，领他们回到车上。
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count on: rely on sb．or sth．with confidence依靠，信赖，指望
例： Don't count on a salary increase this year．别指望今年会加薪水。
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go all out: do one's utmost，spare no efforts全力以赴
例： I'lle team is going all out to win the championship．这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。
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make a reference to: speaking of or mentioning sb．or sth．提到，提及
例： The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scan． dal．这个评论员有针对性地提到了最近的丑闻。
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to the effect that: with the meaning that…,giving the information that…大意为
例： He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning．他留下一张字条，大意是说他不回来了。
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on the threshold of: at the point of entering or beginning of在……门口，在……的开端
例： The politician was on the threshold of his career．那位政治家的事业刚刚起步。
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tie down: reduce to bondage；enslave束缚，限制，奴役
例： The veteran worker refuses to be tied。down by petty restric- tion．那个老工人不理会琐细的规章制度的限制。
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in due course: at the appropriate time；eventually在适当的时机，最终
例： Your request will be dealt with in due course．你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。
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it follows that: it shows that；from this we carl see that由此司见，由此断定
例： He doesn't come to work today，but it doesn't necessarily follow that he is ill．他今天没来上班，但并不见得他就是病了。 |