Unit 5
[00:03.21]Go with Transportation!
[00:07.16]Trains Go on Rails!
[00:11.00]Who invented the steam engine?
[00:15.05]In the 1700s,many inventors were working on the steam engine.
[00:22.31]In the 1760s,
[00:26.15]a scientist in England invented a way toput steam engines and wheels together.
[00:34.30]Soon,people had a new type of transportation:the steam locomotive.
[00:42.16]What happened to the first steam locomotive?
[00:47.02]An English engineer drove the first steam locomotive on a road,
[00:53.97]but it exploded!Who invented railways?
[01:00.81]In 1804,a locomotive carried about seventy passengersa short distance
[01:08.75]on some iron rails.
[01:12.31]It was the first railway!It was in England.
[01:17.87]When did the first passenger railway open?
[01:22.83]The first passenger railway opened in England in 1825.
[01:29.39]The first passenger train was called the Rocket.
[01:35.16]In the 1830s,countries all over the world started to build railways.
[01:43.03]After fifty years,railways covered most countries.
[01:48.67]Many train stations were builtto make
[01:53.21]it easier for passengers to get on and off the trains.
[01:58.78]How fast do trains go?Early trains,like the Rocket,
[02:05.31]had a top speed of 50 kilometres per hour.
[02:11.16]Even the best steam locomotives were slow.
[02:16.33]They could only go about 80 kilometres per hour.
[02:22.08]Today's trains are much faster.They travel at about 240 kilometres an hour.
[02:31.75]The fastest trains can go 380 kilometres an hour.
[02:39.01]FASCINATING FACTHigh-speed trains of the future will have no wheels.
[02:46.58]They will use magnetic forces or jet engines and they will ride on air.
[02:54.63]A Plane RideLooking out of the window So tiny!
[03:01.89]Always fogging upNothing in sight Only white and blue The colour of the sky
[03:11.63]The seats are small The seat belt keeps me In my chair
[03:18.19]Almost there The pilot says
[03:22.34]We are descendingGetting off the planeSo tired now,
[03:29.50]my body's sore But it's okayI have arrived
[03:35.75]In a whole new world.--adapted from a poem by Ryan Yu,
[03:43.79]Grade SevenDriving Cars What were the first cars like?
[03:53.82]The first cars were built in the early 1800s.
[03:59.10]They had wooden wheels,like wagons.They had steam engines,like trains.
[04:07.25]Who built the first motor car?During the 1880s,
[04:13.81]a German engineer invented engines that used gas,not steam.
[04:20.57]People called these engines "motors."Benz built the first "motor" car.
[04:27.94]It had three wheels.
[04:31.18]Another German engineer built motor cars with four wheels.
[04:36.82]Factories were built in Germany and France in the 1890s to make cars.
[04:43.79]How fast did the first cars go?
[04:48.24]At first,people thought cars were dangerous.
[04:53.28]In England,from 1865 to 1878,the speed limit was 6.5kilometres per hour.
[05:03.23]A man with a red flag had to walk in front of the car!
[05:09.11]Where were cars first mass-produced?
[05:13.84]At first, only rich people could buy cars.
[05:19.09]Then Henry Ford in the U.S. began building small cars in large numbers.
[05:26.35]He opened a car factory in 1908.
[05:31.31]Cars were mass-produced there for the first time.
[05:36.27]After that,most families in North America could buy a car.
[05:42.44]In 1927,the factory closed.It had built more than fifteen million cars.
[05:50.98]Henry Ford called his car the Model T Ford.
[05:56.44]All ModelTs were black.Henry Ford liked to say,
[06:02.32]"You can have it in any colour you want,
[06:07.18]as long as it's black.""Mass-produce" means to "make a lot.
[06:14.02]"Up and Up with RocketsWhen were rockets first used?
[06:21.10]The first rockets weren't for space travel.They were fireworks!
[06:27.94]People in China invented fireworks thousands of years ago.
[06:34.29]Fireworks used gunpowder.The first guns also used gunpowder.
[06:41.66]Who first thought of rockets for space?
[06:46.52]In the 1800s,many writers thought about using rockets to travel in space.
[06:53.88]In the early 1900s,
[06:57.65]a schoolteacher from Russia first wrote about about space travel.
[07:03.60]He knew that a rocket for space would need a lot of fuel.
[07:09.66]He thought of stacking many rockets on top of each other.
[07:15.02]As one rocket used up its fuel,the next rocket would fire.
[07:21.08]This is how rockets are built today.
[07:25.23]Danny:Look!I have stacked these books on top of each other.
[07:30.87]What kind of fuel is used in today's rockets?
[07:36.23]Most of today's rockets use gasoline and liquid oxygen.
[07:42.39]Why oxygen? Because gasoline needs oxygen to burn.
[07:48.87]There isn't any oxygen in space.
[07:53.23]There isn't any air at all!Jenny:Do you remember what "oxygen" is?
[08:00.60]In the last unit, oxygen made the candle burn inside the jar.
[08:08.05]When the oxygen was used up,the candle stopped burning.
[08:13.11]Who was the first man in space?In 1961,
[08:19.67]the Soviet Union put the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin.In 1969,
[08:28.50]Neil Armstrong from the U.S.was the first man to walk on the moon.
[08:35.16]Flying Donuts!Danny:Do you like my invention?
[08:41.48]Danny has thought of a new kind of transportation.
[08:46.63]Now he is going to make his presentation to the class.
[08:51.10]Last night,he went to bed very late.
[08:55.95]He was building his invention!He took an old backpack.
[09:02.01]Then he made two cardboard rockets.
[09:06.38]He painted them red and glued them onto the backpack.
[09:12.02]In the morning,on the way to school, he bought ten donuts.
[09:18.08]Now,Danny is standing at the front of the classroom.
[09:24.45]invention.It's called Flying Donuts.
[09:32.11]With my invention,you don't need an airplane to fly.
[09:38.27]First,you put on Flying Donuts.Then you turn it on and jump into the air!
[09:47.94]Teacher:Okay,Danny.But why is it called Flying Donuts?Danny:Look inside!See?
[09:56.19]I put ten donuts in there.Jenny:What do the donuts do,Danny?
[10:03.27]Danny:The donuts are the fuel.Every donut will carry you one kilometre.
[10:11.42]To go ten kilometres you need ten donuts.
[10:17.17]Teacher:Will other types of food make the rockets go?
[10:22.32]Danny:Yes,but donuts are best.
[10:27.64]Teacher:Why is that?Danny:Because you can eat them when you get hungry!
[10:34.41]Brian:Will Danny's invention really work?
[10:38.25]I don't think so,but he had fun and he used his imagination!
[10:43.21]You can,too!
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