[00:00.00]Exersise 2
[00:02.90]Part A
[00:05.69]You will hear a talk about Florence Nightingale,
[00:10.74]the creator of modem nursing-
[00:14.68]As you listen,answer Questions 1--10.
[00:20.11]by circling True or False.
[00:25.08]You will hew the talk ONLY ONCE.
[00:29.41]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1--10.
[00:36.15]Florence Nightingale was born in 1820.
[00:41.51]while her parents were on a visit to Italy.
[00:46.16]Her parents were rich,and when she was young,
[00:51.12]Florence was much admired in London society for her beauty and her wit.
[00:57.36]Even so,from the time when she was 17,
[01:02.72]she was determined that her life would be devoted
[01:07.66]to the care for the sick.
[01:11.00]Her parents were shocked
[01:14.55]when she asked for permission to enter a hospital for training,
[01:19.99]because the hospitals at that time were unhealthful places
[01:25.84]and most of the nurses were ignorant and drunken.
[01:30.88]It was something unheard of for an educated young woman to wish to be a nurse.
[01:37.12]Florence had to give up her wish to train.
[01:41.38]But she did whatever nursing she could in the villages near her home,
[01:47.13]and studied hospital reports when she could get them.
[01:52.48]She travelled abroad with friends,
[01:56.45]visiting hospitals in many places,
[02:00.50]and in 1851 she managed to train for 3 months in a hospital.
[02:07.24]When Florence had refused a most suitable proposed marriage
[02:13.20]simply because she wanted to be a nurse,
[02:17.14]her parents learnt that nothing could keep her from her career
[02:22.50]and they unwillingly accepted the fact.
[02:26.55]Her formal career thus began.
[02:30.60]That was in 1853.
[02:35.04]In 1854,when Britain was having a war with Russia,
[02:40.99]Florence got a letter from the Secretary of State for War
[02:46.24]an old friend of hers.
[02:49.40]He asked if she would take a party of nurses to the front in Turkey.
[02:55.26]This letter actually crossed with one from her offering to go.
[03:01.29]When Florence arrived at the hospital
[03:05.26]in the front with about 30 nurses in November 1854,
[03:11.40]she was shocked by the terrible conditions there:
[03:15.94]There was almost no supply of medical equipment and basic facility,
[03:22.19]the environment was frightful,and,worst of all,
[03:27.05]the doctors had no authority
[03:30.68]to make the government departments provide what they needed.
[03:35.61]With the supplies and fund she brought with her,
[03:40.47]and,especially,with the confidence in herself and her career;
[03:46.12]Florence started to work.
[03:49.38]The environment and facilities were greatly improved with her management
[03:55.73]She worked day and night.nursing the worst cases herself.
[04:01.68]Soon she won the respect,love and worship of her patients:
[04:07.43]they called her "The Lady with the Lamp,"
[04:11.69]as she made her night rounds with a lamp.
[04:16.13]Later,Florence travelled through that area organizing hospitals,
[04:22.40]though too much physical strain and too much work
[04:27.15]made her desperately ill and her friends urged her to go home.
[04:33.29]She extended her activities by providing recreation rooms,
[04:38.94]books and lecture for the patients,
[04:43.27]and in time for soldiers who were not ill.
[04:48.03]Though with great obstacles at the beginning,
[04:52.28]the general situation became greatly improved.
[04:57.22]By the time the war finished,she became widely admired,
[05:03.18]Yet she allowed no honour She set out for a new target--
[05:09.13]the improvement of conditions in the army.
[05:13.50]For that purpose,she again workednight and day.
[05:18.43]In 1857,her health became so poor,
[05:24.00]but after a short rest she was back at work again.
[05:29.25]In about 4.years,
[05:32.59]most of her new target was achieved.
[05:36.64]During the second half of her life
[05:40.48]Florence Nightingale was always in poor health,
[05:45.34]often staying in bed for months at a time.
[05:49.68]She continued to work for many years,nevertheless,
[05:54.43]until first her eyesight faded,and then her memory.
[05:59.78]In 1910,she passed away,
[06:04.64]leaving nursing almost what it is today.
[06:09.50]You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1-10.
[06:16.35]Question 1-10 according to Part A.
[06:18.38]1.Florence Nightingale was from a noble family.
[06:20.42]2.Her parents didn't want her to be a nurse because the pay was low.
[06:22.48]3.Florence failed to get a chance to train herself to be a nurse at first
[06:24.52]4.Her mother was more willing to accept her career.
[06:26.59]5.Florence first started her formal career abroad.
[06:28.62]6.Service in hospitals was poor at that time though equipment was good.
[06:30.66]7.The work of Florence was effective from the very beginning.
[06:32.72]all her time on the care of the ill and wounded.
[06:34.76]9.Honours had been intended on Florence.
[06:36.83]10.Florence spent her last years in loneliness and poor health.
[06:38.86]That is the end of Part A.
[06:43.02]Part B
[06:45.86]You will hear several conversations or folks
[06:50.70]and you must answer the questions by choosing A.B,C or D.
[06:58.46]You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
[07:02.50]Questions 11--13
[07:06.45]are based on the following conversation between Professor Williams
[07:12.48]and his student on Japanese art.
[07:16.85]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.
[07:23.09]W:Professor Williams,I'm a student of your art class.
[07:28.44]I feel very interested in Japanese art,
[07:33.41]especially when you were saying that
[07:37.14]there's close relationship between Japanese art nd Chinese art.
[07:43.49]Can you tell me something more about it?
[07:47.62]M:No problem.What do you want to know?
[07:52.76]W:How did the relations start?
[07:56.32]M:Well,that was in the 7th century when the first temples were built in Japan
[08:03.66]the first pictures were painted,
[08:07.81]and the first sculptures were made.
[08:12.96]At that time,all branches of art
[08:17.82]were already highly developed in China.
[08:22.47]W:You mean that the Japanese first learnt art from China?
[08:27.92]M:Not so exactly.
[08:31.37]The earliest works of art in Japan
[08:36.44]were mostly done by Chinese and Korean artists
[08:42.08]who went to Japan from the 6th century on.
[08:47.33]W:How long did that last?
[08:50.60]M:That continued until about the 9th century.
[08:55.85]For that period,
[08:58.88]if you want to understand Japanese art,
[09:03.11]you have to know something of Chinese art first.
[09:08.86]W:What happened after that?
[09:12.70]M:In the 10th century
[09:16.15]the once mighty Chinese Empire of the Tang Dynasty
[09:21.89]was in a state of constant war and disintegration.
[09:27.35]Then Japanese art began to acquire a character of its own.
[09:33.10]Paintings and sculptures
[09:36.97]with the unusual Japanese gracefulness emerged from then on.
[09:43.60]W:So that relationship came to an end?
[09:47.83]M:Not so exactly.
[09:51.20]Actually,in the 13th century
[09:55.75]there was a new wave of Chinese influence.
[10:00.50]The sculpture at that time echoes Chinese sculpture of the Song Dynasty.
[10:07.56]In the early 17th century
[10:11.50]the art of distinctive Japan features was truly established.
[10:17.46]But the influence of Chinese art continued.
[10:22.42]Even now you can find that influence in much of modern Japanese art,
[10:29.26]though often it's a combination with other styles...
[10:34.72]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11--13. |