[00:00.00]Exercise 4
[00:02.98]Part A
[00:05.83]You will hear a lecture given by a doctor about depression in women.
[00:12.56]As you listen,answer Questions 1--10 by circling True or False.
[00:21.13]You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE.
[00:25.68]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1--10.
[00:32.52]Good morning,everybody.
[00:35.79]Today,I'd like to focus on the topic "Depression in Women."
[00:41.93]Here are several questions.
[00:45.48]First,Is depression common in women?
[00:49.95]What are the symptoms?
[00:53.08]About 20% of women have depression at least once,
[00:58.54]roughly a bit more than the male cases.
[01:03.29]If you're depressed,you may have some of these symptoms:
[01:08.94]Feeling sad,having the "blues" or crying a lot,
[01:13.67]Losing interest or pleasure in your usual activities,
[01:18.92]Feeling guilty,hopeless or worthless
[01:23.57]Thinking about death or suicide
[01:28.11]Sleeping too much,or not being able to go to sleep or stay asleep,
[01:34.07]Losing your appetite and losing weight.
[01:38.01](or eating too much and gaining weight)
[01:42.37]Feeling very tired or slowed down.
[01:46.71]Having trouble paying attention and making decisions.
[01:51.88]Having aches and pains that don't get better with treatment.
[01:56.92]Now,our next question is "What causes depression?"
[02:03.06]If some brain chemicals are too low,
[02:07.79]the brain's nerve cells work slower.
[02:12.23]This causes depression.
[02:15.89]Stressful life events,especially the death of a loved one,
[02:21.64]a divorce or moving
[02:25.29](such as leaving home to go to work or to college),
[02:30.05]may also cause depression.
[02:33.70]Then,how is depression treated?
[02:38.15]If your depression isn't too bad,
[02:41.99]simply talk to your doctor Counseling alone may help.
[02:47.92]It's important to take good care of yourself
[02:52.49]to exercise and to eat healthy foods.
[02:57.14]See the list of do's and don'ts at the end of this handout.
[03:02.18]If you have bad depression,
[03:05.94]your doctor can prescribe a medicine called an "antidepressant"
[03:11.48]Medicine alone or medicine with counseling
[03:16.10]can help most women who have depression.
[03:20.65]If you get pregnant while you're taking a medicine for depression,
[03:26.00]tell your doctor right away.
[03:29.84]Your doctor will know if your medicine is safe to take.
[03:35.30]If you're planning to get pregnant,
[03:39.14]talk to your doctor about your medicines before you try to get pregnant
[03:45.18]Almost all medicines for depression would get into breast milk.
[03:51.24]Ask your doctor before you start breast feeding.
[03:55.78]But if you forget to take a dose of depression medicines
[04:01.03]what should you do?
[04:03.98]If three hours have passed,skip the dose.
[04:09.13]Otherwise,go ahead and take it
[04:12.87]If you miss a dose,don't take two doses the next time.
[04:18.82]Next,what are the side effects of depression medicines?
[04:24.28]The side effects include dry mouth,vomiting,diarrhea,
[04:31.12]nervousness,blurred vision,a'spacy'feeling,
[04:37.68]bladder problems,tiredness,sleepiness or troubled sleeping,
[04:45.73]dizziness,shaky hands,fast heartbeats or weight gain.
[04:52.78]If a side effect bothers you,talk to your doctor about it.
[04:58.45]Some people may ask
[05:02.00]how will I know if my medicine is helping my depression?"
[05:07.15]You'll sleep better
[05:10.20]Your appetite will improve,and you will have more energy.
[05:15.95]You'll have a better feeling about the future.
[05:20.50]You'll feet less sad,
[05:23.87]and it will be easier to make decisions.
[05:27.92]Be patient--it may take about three weeks
[05:32.56]before you start to feel better
[05:36.40]At last,how long should you need to take the medicine?
[05:42.75]If this is the first time you've been depressed,
[05:47.48]you'll take the medicine for about six months.
[05:52.03]If this is the second time you've been depressed,
[05:56.78]you'll take the medicine for about a year.
[06:00.83]However if this is the third or fourth time you've been depressed,
[06:06.58]you may need to take the medicine for years.
[06:10.83]Some do's and don'ts when you're depressed
[06:15.48]--Don't isolate yourself.
[06:18.83]Stay in touch with your loved ones and friends.
[06:23.19]Don't make major life decisions
[06:27.13](for example,about separation or divorce).
[06:31.99]You may not be thinking clearly right now,
[06:36.15]so your decisions may not be the best ones for you.
[06:40.90]Do exercise every day to make yourself
[06:45.84]feel better and to get more energy.
[06:49.78]Do eat balanced meals and healthy food,
[06:54.33]and get the right amount of sleep.
[06:58.09]Don't blame yourself for your depression.
[07:02.53]You didn't cause it.
[07:05.69]Don't be,discouraged about not feeling well right away
[07:11.05]Be patient with yourself.
[07:14.49]Do take your medicine or go to talk therapy on a regular basis
[07:20.56]Your medicine won't work if you only take it once in a while.
[07:25.99]Do set small goals for yourself,
[07:30.22]because you may have less energy,
[07:33.98]Do encourage yourself,and don't give up.
[07:38.24]Do get as much information as you can about
[07:42.89]depression and its treatments.
[07:46.55]Call your doctor or the local suicide crisis center right away
[07:53.50]if you start to thinking about suicide.
[07:57.65]You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1--10.
[08:04.10]Question 1-10 according to Part A.
[08:06.14]1.Depression is commoner in women than in men.
[08:08.20]2.If a patient is depressed,she's likely to put on weight.
[08:10.21]3.A woman'll feel depressed if her aches don't get better with treatment
[08:12.25]4.Some cases of depression can be cured simply by talk therapy.
[08:14.32]5.Pregnant women should not take any depression medicines.
[08:16.35]6.Depression medicine is harmful to women who are breast-feeding.
[08:18.42]7.Women with depression should be careful not to make major life decisions
[08:20.43]8.Don't take too much depression medicine if you're depressed more than once
[08:22.49]9.One of the side effects of depression medicine is feeling dazed and dreamy
[08:24.53]10.Fast heartbeat is one of the causes of depression.
[08:26.57]That is the end of Part A.
[08:30.51]Part B
[08:33.18]You will hear several conversations or talks
[08:37.62]and you must answer the questions by choosing A.B,C or D.
[08:44.88]You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
[08:49.32]Questions 11--13 are based on the talk about business management
[08:55.67]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.
[09:02.20]One of the first steps in examining your business idea
[09:07.74]is to do some research to get to know more about your market.
[09:13.80]Presumably you already know that a market exists for your product.
[09:19.75]If you have an idea for a business
[09:23.70]but you're not sure whether a market for it exists or is
[09:29.94]big enough to support your business,
[09:33.91]you are getting ahead of yourself.
[09:37.54]If that description applies to you,you'll need to take a step back
[09:43.78]and look at finding the right small business for you.
[09:49.53]For those who believe that a market exists,
[09:54.18]but who want to know more about the size and shape of the market
[10:00.24]in order to forecast their chances for success.
[10:05.70]research is the best place to start.
[10:09.93]Researching your market to know more about your customers and your competitors
[10:16.78]is a critical step for small business owners.
[10:21.92]If roctor & Gamble puts out a product that doesn't sell,
[10:27.57]they move on to the next idea.
[10:31.69]If you put out a product that doesn't sell,
[10:36.16]you're out of business.
[10:39.40]When you conduct research,
[10:43.27]you'll want to find out the following:
[10:47.31]Who are your likely customers?
[10:51.36]Where do you think your business need to be
[10:56.22](for example,if students are your customers,
[11:01.47]you may need to be near schools)
[11:05.84]How can you reach your customers?
[11:09.99]Which marketing options will reach the most customers
[11:15.74]at the lowest cost?
[11:19.18]How much will they pay for your product or service?
[11:24.72]Are you planning to charge too much for your product or service?
[11:30.57]Are you planning to charge too little?
[11:35.01]Who are your competitors?
[11:38.78]Have you also considered those who aren't direct competitors
[11:44.63]but who might nevertheless compete against you
[11:49.46](for example,if you sell an online magazine,
[11:55.49]you're competing not just against other online magazines
[12:01.66]but against other products that occupy someone's leisure time)?
[12:07.90]How will you be positioned in the marketplace?
[12:12.76]Will you compete with existing businesses head on
[12:17.91]or will you try to find a special place?
[12:22.77]For a more complete analysis of how to assess your market,
[12:28.30]please attend our discussion in the seminar next week in Classroom 250.
[12:35.64]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11--13. |