Lesson 40
hoax
骗局，戏弄
Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke;the hoax.
大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。
The bomb threat turned out to be a hoax.
炸弹的恐吓原来是个骗局。
I can see through whatever hoax he chooses to stage.
他不管玩什么鬼把戏我都能看穿。
deception
欺骗，骗局
Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire
请消防队来扑灭一场子虚乌有的大火是一种低级骗局，
is a crude form of deception which no self-fespecting student would ever indulge in.
有自尊心的大学生决不沉溺其中。
"All warfare is based on deception"
“兵不厌诈”。
wrote the Chinese analyst Sun Tzu around 500 B,C.
公元前5世纪左右，中国的军事分析家孙子写道：
The company spread false information as a deception to mislead investors.
公司散布假信息，借以制造假相，误导投资者。
self-respecting
自重的
No self-respecting actor would appear in a pornographic film.
自重的演员绝不会出演色情电影的。
No self-respecting gourmet would go to a fastfood restaurant.
自重的演员决不肯光顾快餐店的。
indulge
使沉迷
Bozo indulged in the most high-flown speculations.
博佐沉入了最最不切实际的幻想中。
pneumatic
气动的
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university,
最近有个学生看见两个工人在大学校门外用风钻干活，
he immediately telephoned the police
马上打电话报告警察，
and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen
说有两个学生装扮成工人，
were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.
正在用风钻破坏路面。
The pneumatic boat can hold five people at the very most.
这条气垫船最多只能坐五个人。
Stilwell promised his brother a pneumtic gun on his birthday.
史迪威在他弟弟过生日的时候应许给他一支气枪。
drill
钻
The prisoner turned his toothbrush into a convenient drill.
囚犯把牙刷改成了一把方便钻。
silly
无意义的，无聊的
He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman
他还说有人学生经常装扮成警察
and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.
在别人身上搞些无聊的恶作剧。
Never have I heard such a silly story.
我从来没人听到过这么无聊的故事。
In truth,such criticism is often silly.
事实上，这种批评往往很无聊。
advance
预先的，事先获得的
Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报的情况表示感谢。
It is a popular show.so advance,so advance booking is essential.
这演出很火，所以必须提前订票。
We sent advance copies of the new book to all the papers.
我们在新书发行之前给报社都送去了样书。
archway
拱形门楼
The student hid in an archway nearby
那学生躲在附近一座拱形门楼里，
where he could watch and hear everything that went on.
在那儿什么都看得见，什么都听得着。
The visitors walked under the archway and into the palace.
参观者穿过门楼，走进宫殿。
The old man stumbled near the archway.
老人在拱形楼附近趔趄了一下。
remonstrate
规劝，告诫
Shortly afterwards,
一会儿工夫，
four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen.
又来了四个警察，规劝工人离开。
She opend her mouth as if to remonstrate.
她张了张嘴，仿佛是想劝两句。
Mrs.Percy had remonstrated with him about it.
这件事珀西夫人劝过他的。
ironically
讽刺地
At this,the police pointed out ironically
听了这话，警察讥讽地说，
that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.
这大可不必，因为他们已经被逮捕了。
My son knows how to waste his time without any help from you,
不劳您费心，我儿子知道怎么浪费时间。”
'said Mr.Nye ironically.
奈先生讽刺地说：“
Irony is not necessarily said ironically.
讽刺的话未必要有讽刺的口吻来说。
permission
许可
Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.
他的要求被许可了，一个警察陪他找了个投币电话。
He asked permission of the monitor to leave.
他请求班长准许他离开。
Joe took the document without permission.
乔未经许可拿走了文件。
grant
同意，准予
There shall be no peace until you grant the terms.
你一天不答应条件，就一天得不到安宁。
A good goverment,in his opinion,
在他看来，一个好政府会
will grant freedom of speech to its citizens
赋予公民言论自由，
and will not attempt to control their opinions and thoughts.
而不会试图控制他们的意见和想法。
Lesson 41
Lesson 41
illusion
幻想，错觉
Even he still lives under the illusion
就连他也仍然存有幻觉，
that country life is some how superior to town life.
好像乡村生活就是比城市生活优越。
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
这一次他彻底不抱幻想了。
I suppose it's about time you cast away your illusions.
我想该是你丢掉幻想的时候了。
pastral
田园的
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
但这种田园诗般的乡村风光只不过是一个侧面而已。
This is a collection of pastoral poems.
这是一本田园诗集。
breed
培育，教养
City born and city bred,
我生在城市，长在城市，
I have always regarded the cuntry as something you look at through a train window,
总觉得农村只是个平时隔着火车窗户看看，
or something you occasionally visit during the holiday.
放假进偶尔去玩玩的地方。
He had much difficulty in breeding tropical plants in his garden.
他费了很大的劲在花园里培育热带植物。
What's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh.
（谚语）本性总是要表现出来的。
rapture
欣喜
Most of my friends live in the city,
我大多数朋友都住在城市，
yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.
可只要一提起乡村，马上就会眉飞色舞。
I have read The story of the stone a thousand times,
《石头记》我读了一千遍，
every time with new raptures.
读一遍，欢喜一遍。
The young folks were in raptures.
年轻人个个欣喜若狂。
extol
赞美、颂扬
Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life,
尽管他们交口称赞乡村生活的种种优点，
only one of them has ever gone to live in the country
但只有一个当真去农村住过，
and he was back in town within six months.
而且不到六个月就回来了。
It is the humor of many people to extol the virtures of their forefathers.
很多人天生喜欢夸祖宗的美德。
superior
优越的
In devotion woman is sublimely superior to man.
女人远比男人有奉献精神。
cockcrow
鸡叫
Nothing can be compared,he maintains,with the first cockcrow,
他坚持认为，乡村的晨景——
the twittering of birds at dawn,
雄鸡初唱，鸟儿啼啭，
the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.
旭日东升照彻树木和原野——是无与伦比的。
He mistook the cockcrow for birdsong.
他把鸡啼错当鸟鸣了。
The alarm sounds like the cockcrow.
这个闹钟的铃像鸡叫。
twitter
（鸟）吱吱叫，嘁嘁喳喳地叫
The birds were hopping and twittering among the bushes.
小鸟在树丛中跳来跳去，叽叽喳喳。
glint
次烁
The tall Gothic windows glinted in the sinking sun.
高大的哥特式窗户在夕阳的照耀下闪闪发光。
Leo's eyes glinted with delight.
列奥的眼睛高兴得闪闪发光。
pasture
牧场
The people lead a quiet life among the green pastures and the still waters.
人们在青青的牧场和幽静的流水中过着平静的生活。
idyllic
田园诗的
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
但这种田园诗般的乡村风光只不过是一个侧面而已。
He placed the chaacters of his novel in an idyllic valley.
他把小说中的人物安置在一个诗情画意的山谷里。
virtually
几乎，差不多
My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings
我的朋友没有提到在电视机前捱过的那些漫长寂寞的冬夜
in front of the TV-virtually the only form of entertainment.
——在那儿，看电视几乎是惟一的娱乐了。
He did virtually a little of everything during that time.
那段日子他差不多什么都干过一点。
These two theories described virtually all physical phenomena that had been studied then.
这两个理论几乎描述了所有的当时已经研究过的物理现象。
dubious
可疑的，怀疑的
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day
为了乡间这些靠不得的好处，人们居然甘愿
for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
每天在路上奔波了4个小时，我实在无法理解这是为什么。
The police raided the club and arrested several dubious characters.
警察袭击了俱乐部并且逮捕了几个可疑的人。
The 'savings'advertising delivers to consumers are similarly dubious.
广告给消费者带来了所谓“省钱”同样令人怀疑。
misery
苦难
They could be saved so much misery and epense
如果他们老老实实住在城市
if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
可以省去诸多不便和花销。
His death puts an end to her misery.
他的死结束了她的苦难。
acquaintance
熟人
Some of my acquaintances in the country
我在农村的熟人里有些每年进城看一两回戏，
come up to town once.or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.
他们把这当成特别的享受。
I met an old acquaintance quite unexpectedly in a fasfood restaurant.
我在一有快餐店里很意外地遇见了一个熟人。
treat
难得的乐事，享受
He never took more than two slices of bread and butter to eat in the pit,
他在井下最多吃两片黄油面包，因此有个苹果
so an apple or an orange was a treat to him.
或者橘子对他来说是件难得的高兴事。
I would let the clever ones learn Latin as an honor and Greek as a treat.
我要让那些聪明的孩子学拉丁文和希腊文，拉丁文作为荣誉，希腊文作为奖赏。
dweller
居住者
The city dwellers never experiences anxieties of this sort.
这种焦虑城里人是无从体会的。
Both city and town dwellers should pay tax.
城镇居民都要纳税。
Cave dwellers live mainly on berries.
住在岩洞里的人主要以浆果为生。
stagger
摇晃，蹒跚
Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city
家住乡村的人每次进城都疯狂购物，
and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry.
大包小包里塞满了新巧玩意儿，回家时连走路都摇摇晃晃的。
The drunkard staggered on.
醉汉蹒跚地往前走。
exotic
异乎寻常的，外来的
Most of us will never experence that exotic pleasure.
我们大多数人是不会享受到这种奇趣的。
glow
白热光，光辉
There is something comforting
寒冷潮湿的冬夜里广告灯箱发出暖暖的光，
about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights.
颇人抚慰人的作用。
In the dark he saw a wonderful yellowish green glow.
黑暗中，他看见奇妙的黄绿色光芒。
descend
下落，降临
Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets as weekends
周末，当成千上万进城上班的人回到他们的乡间寓所之后，
when the thousands that travel to work everyday
空旷的城市笼罩着一种宁静的气氛，
are tucked away in their homes in the country.
没有什么能比这一刻更令人难忘了。
Independence had descended like a hurricane on the unprrepared country.
独立像飓风一样突然降临到这个还没有做好准备的国家。
Something frightful was about to descend on him.
可怕的灾祸就要降临到他头上了。
tuck
缩进，隐藏
Our house is tucked away among the trees.
我们的房子掩映在林中。
obstinately
固执地，顽固地
It has always been a mystery to me
城里人对这些明明地很赏爱的，
why city dwellers,who appreciate all these things,
为什么偏偏要执拗地装出一副喜欢住在乡村的样子，
obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.
这对我一直是一个谜。
He obstinately believed somehow he could make things right.
他固执地认为他总归有办法把事情摆平。
Obstinately he clung to his choice.
他固执地持他的选择。
Lesson 42
Lesson 42
caveman
(远古）洞穴人
modern caveman
现代穴居人。
The bones of caveman were discovered in this very cave.
原始穴居人的骨头就是在这个山洞里发现的。
Boxing can only be discussed in the context of a caveman's sport.
拳击只能在原始人的运动这个意义上加以讨论。
pot-holing
洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动
Cave exploration,or pot-holing,as it has come to be known,is a relatively new sport.
洞穴勘察——或洞穴勘探是一项比较新的体育运动。
He recently took an interest in pot-holing.
他最近对洞穴探险发生了兴趣。
If you have any difficulty,go to my friends in the pot-holing club.
假如你遇到困难，可以去找我那些洞穴探险俱乐部的朋友。
solitude
孤独，寂寞
Perhaps it is the desire for solitude
也许人们是被独处的渴望
or the chance of making an unexpected discovery
或者获得意外发现的机会
that lures people down to the depths of the earth.
诱惑使着来到地底深处的。
I often have the curious feeling of solitude and multitudel.
我常常有一种古怪的又冷清又热闹的感觉。
The solitude of the sea made him keenly sensitive to every sight.sound and touch.
寂寥的大海使他对每种景致、声音触觉都异常敏感。
lure
引诱，诱惑
Perter was lured into playing billiards with a fellow soldier.
彼得被一个战友引诱着玩起了台球。
The thief lured him to the doorway and his accomplice hit him on the head.
小偷把他引到了门洞里，他的同伙在他的头上重重一击。
pot-holer
洞穴探险者
It is impossible to give a satifactory explanation for a pot-holer's motives.
要想对洞穴探险者的动机做出满意的解释是不可能的。
Do you happen to know any first-class pot-holers?
你认不认识第一流的洞穴探险者？
Curiosity alone cannot make a pot-holer.
仅有好奇心是不能成就一个洞穴探险者的。
ramber
漫步者；散步者
Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the sunday afternoon rambler.
探索很深的洞穴可不是礼拜天下午随兴漫步的人能够胜任的。
Few people can afford to be ramblers.
很少有人做得起漫游者。
Yoyo loves ramblers,himself being one of the chiefest.
悠悠喜欢优游自在的人，他自已就是个中的中坚。
undertaking
任务，工作
Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations.
这种活动需要军事行动的周密部署和预见能力。
Myrtle is not one to waste time in any undertaking.
默特尔是一个不会任何工作浪费时间的人。
This is a difficult but glorious undertaking.
这是一项光荣艰巨的任务。
foresight
预见；深谋远虑
Fortunately we had the foresight to bring some canned food.
幸好，我们有先见之明，带了几个缺罐头。
Bright is always boasting about his foresight.There he goes again!
布赖特老是吹嘘他的先见之明，喏，那不是又来了！
foretell
预言
Precautions of this sort are necessary,
这样的准备是必要的，
for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties
因为无法预见洞穴探险者
which will confront the pot-holer.
将会遇到什么性质的困难。
The religious leader foretold the arrival of an age of peace.
这位宗教领袖预言一个和平时代将会到来。
Is life still worth living if everything can be foretold?
假如每件事情都能被预见的话，人生还有什么意思呢？
Grenoble
格里诺布尔
The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble.
已知的最深的洞穴是格里诺布尔附近的高弗。伯杰洞。
chasm
断层，裂口，陷坑
This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream
这个幽深的洞穴起初是岩石上的一道罅隙，被地下泉水不断冲刷
which has tunneled a course through a flaw in the rocks.
直至趟成了一条通道，这才逐渐形成的。
A great chasm appeared on the ground after the earthquake.
地震后，地上出现了一条在裂缝。
The couple failed to bridge the chasm between them.
这对夫妇未能跨越他们之 间的鸿沟。
flaw
裂缝，缺陷，瑕疵
There was a flaw in his argument.
他的论点有个漏洞。
This type of success was almost without flaw,as he saw it.
在他看来，这种成功简直是无懈可击的。
distinguished
杰出的，著名的
The cave might never have been discovered
若不是法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰
had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French potholer,Berger.
由于偶然的机会发现了洞口的话，这个洞也许永远不会为人所知。
These distinguished individuals came and went,singly as a rule.
这些名人照例是独来独往。
Everest
珠穆朗玛峰
Since its discovery,it has become a sort of pot-holer's Everest(Qomolangma).
自从这个洞被发现后，它就成了洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰。
Qomolangma,whose European name is Everest,is the highest point on the earth.
珠穆朗玛峰，欧洲人称它埃佛勒斯峰，是地球的最高点。
Qomolangma,(Everest) was first conquered in 1953.
1953年人类首次登上了珠穆朗玛峰 。
wade
涉水
They had to edge their way along this,
他们不得不侧着身子往前走，
sometimes wading across the shallow streams,or swimming across deep pools.
有进绕过浅溪，有时游过深潭。
I'm not going to wade in such weather.
这种天气我可不愿意趟水。
The dusk fell before we waded ashore.
我们涉水上岸之前天色就已经暗了。
waterfall
瀑布
Suddenly they came to a waterfall
突然，他们来到
which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave.
一道瀑布前注入洞穴一处地下湖里。
Niagara Falls is a huge waterfall that lies on the Niagara River.
尼亚加拉大瀑布是尼亚加拉河上的一条大瀑布。
gear
一套用具
They plunged into the lake,
他们跳进湖里，
and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy,
把各种器具装上一只充气橡皮艇，
let the current carry them to the other side.
听任水流将他们往对岸。
The camers kept all their gear in footlockers.
野营的人把所有的用品都放在床脚箱里。
They loaded their gear into the van.
他们把工具装进运货车。
inflatable
可充气的
inflatable raft
充气救生筏
inflatable life-jacket
充气救生衣
ruuble
碎瓦，瓦块
At the end of the lake,they came to huge piles of rubble
在湖的尽头，
which had been washed up by the water.
他们见到大堆大堆被湖水冲上岸的碎石。
The little statue was made of rubble.
这座小塑像是用碎石拼合起来的。
The city had been turned into rubble in the raid.
整座城市被炸成瓦砾。
insistent
连续的，不断的
In this part of the cave,they could hear an insistent booming sound
在这儿，他们可以听见一种连续不断的轰鸣声。
which they found was caused by a small waterspout
后来他们发现这是山洞顶部一个小孔里
shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.
喷出来的水柱跌落到水潭中发出的声音。
The inssistent flowing of the fountain seemed to be the symbol of the passing of time.
喷泉不停地流着，仿佛是时光流逝的象征。
The baby's insistent cries almost broke his heart.
孩子不停的哭叫，差点没有把他心疼死。
boom
轰响
The thunder boomed.
雷声隆隆隆。
waterspout
强大的水柱
The word"waterspout' often refers to the tornado that occurs over a water surface.
Waterspout这个词是通常用来指从海上刮过的龙卷风。
A colorful waterspout shot from the mouth of the elcetronic dragon
一道五颜六色的水柱从电龙嘴里喷出来，
and the children clapped.
孩子们鼓起掌来。
cleft
裂隙，开口
Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks,
洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤过去，
the pot-holers arrived at an enormoous cavern,the size of a huge concert hall.
来到一个巨大的洞里，其大小和一个音乐厅差不多。
In the cleft of a great oak-tree he saw the piece of white gold that he was seeking.
在一棵老橡树的裂缝里，他看到了他在寻找的那块白金。
cavern
大洞穴
We stood i the cavern and shined a flashlinght on its high ceiling.
我们站在大山洞里，用手电照在高高的顶上。
stalagmite
石笋
After switching on powerful arc lights,
他们打开强力弧光灯，
they saw great stalagmites-some of them over forty feet high-
看见一棵棵巨大的石笋，
rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof.
与洞庭顶悬挂的钟乳石相接。
A stalagmite appears like an inverted stalactite,
石笋像倒生的钟乳石，
rising from the floor of a carvern.
从岩洞底部向上长。
stalactite
钟乳石
Not every stalatite has a complementary stalagmite.
不是每根钟乳石都有互生的石笋。
limestone
石灰石
Round about,piles of limestone glistened in all the colors of the rainbow.
周围是一堆堆石灰石，象彩虹一样闪闪发光。
There are four principal types of limestones.
石灰石有四种主要类型。
glisten
闪烁
After a moment she looked up with a slow smile,her eyes glistening with tears.
过了一会儿她抬起头来慢慢一笑，眼里闪着泪光。
eerie
引起恐惧的，可怕的
In the eerie silence of the cavern,the only sound that could be heard
洞里有一种可怕的寂静，
was made by water whcih dripped continuously from the high dome above them.
惟一可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断的滴水声。
That old house is an eerie place even in the day.
那栋老屋即使在白天也有一种神秘可怖的气氛。
dome
穹窿，圆顶
The dome on the concert hall is painted golden.
音乐厅的圆顶漆成金色。
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