[00:03.58]You will hear three pieces of recorded material.
[00:08.15]Before listening to each one,you'll have time to
[00:12.59]read the questions related to it.
[00:16.25]While listening,answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D.
[00:22.13]After listening you will have time to check your answers.
[00:27.48]You will hear each piece once only.
[00:33.65]Questions 11-13 are based on the following comment on Sex Prejudices
[00:40.91]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
[00:46.58]M:Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that
[00:54.52]biology is destiny.
[00:58.17]According to this ideology,
[01:01.73]basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes
[01:08.49]These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life
[01:14.87]Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally.
[01:20.20]Thus,they are naturally suited,much more so than men,
[01:26.36]to the performance of domestic duties.
[01:30.72]A woman's place,under normal circumstances,
[01:35.48]is within the protective environment of the home.
[01:40.15]Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles,
[01:46.81]such as wife and mother and homemaker.
[01:51.57]The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside
[01:57.92]the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with
[02:03.69]the special capabilities of their sex.
[02:08.13]It is thus appropriate for women,not men,
[02:12.49]to be employed as nurses,social workers,and elementary school teachers
[02:18.45]These positions are simply an extension of women's domestic role.
[02:24.51]Informal distinctions between "women's work" and "men's work" in the labor force
[02:31.59]according to the ideology,
[02:35.25]are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.
[02:41.72]Finally,
[02:44.36]the ideology suggests that nature has worked her'll in another significant way
[02:51.44]For the human species to survive over time,
[02:55.99]its members must regularly reproduce.
[03:00.35]Thus,women must,
[03:04.11]whether at home or in the labor force,
[03:08.19]make the most of their physical appearance.
[03:12.24]So goes the ideology.
[03:16.49]It is,of course,not true
[03:20.86]that basic biological and psychological differences
[03:26.00]between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life.
[03:32.98]There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society,
[03:39.53]and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.
[03:45.70]Questions 14-17 are based on a radio program about Water and Health.
[03:52.46]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14-17.
[03:58.42]M:Water is necessary for life and good health.
[04:04.98]We often forget this fact when we think about the other
[04:09.73]building blocks of life such asvitamins,minerals and proteins.
[04:15.61]We can live for many days without eating,
[04:20.26]but two or three days without water usually leads to death.
[04:25.85]The human body may look solid,but most of it is water.
[04:32.01]New born babies are as much as 85% water,
[04:37.86]women are about 65% water and men about 75%.
[04:44.63]Women usually have less water than men because women,in general,
[04:50.38]have more fat cells,
[04:53.93]and fat cells hold less water than other kinds of cells.
[04:59.60]Water contains many different substances to keep us healthy.
[05:04.93]It carries hormones,antibodies and foods through the body,
[05:10.39]and carries away waste materials.
[05:14.83]This's why different parts of the body contain different amounts of water
[05:21.49]For example,blood is 83% water,muscles are 75% water,
[05:29.85]the brain is 74%,and bones are 25%.
[05:35.49]Water is also necessary for cooling the body on hot days
[05:41.16]and when we are working hard or exercising.
[05:45.60]Water carries body heat to the surface of the skin,
[05:50.56]where the heat is lost through perspiration.
[05:55.29]Researchers say cold liquids cool us faster than warm liquids,
[06:01.35]because cold liquids take up more heat inside the body
[06:06.63]and carry it away faster.
[06:10.29]They say,however,
[06:13.84]that cold sweet drinks do not work well because the sugar
[06:19.48]slows the liquid from getting into the bloodstream.
[06:24.03]The body loses water every day through perspiration and urine.
[06:29.59]If we lose too much,we will become sick.
[06:34.55]A 10% drop in body water can cause the blood system to fall.
[06:41.68]A 15%-20% drop usually leads to death.
[06:47.56]To replace what is lost,health experts say
[06:52.32]grown persons should drink about 2 liters of liquids each day,
[06:58.48]and more in hot weather.
[07:02.24]They say we also can get some of the water we need in the foods we eat.
[07:08.49]Most fruits and vegetables are more than 80% water.
[07:13.95]Meats are 50%-60% water.
[07:18.62]Questions 18-20 are based on the following TV conversation about the Greek Myths
[07:26.98]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18 - 20.
[07:33.64]W:Hello and welcome to this week's edition of the book programme
[07:41.90]The first book that we're going to look at is by Roger Palin
[07:47.15]and his new book is called 'The Greek gods:
[07:51.72]A battle for eternity'
[07:55.56]and the interesting
[07:59.03]thing about this book's that it's written in the form of a thriller.
[08:04.68]Roger,why a thriller?
[08:08.83]M:Well,what you've got to remember is
[08:12.80]that the Greek gods,unlike those of previous cultures,represent people,
[08:18.73]both in appearance and in character.
[08:22.78]And they mirror the kind of activities that people got up to
[08:27.64]...war,intrigue,romance and so on.
[08:32.21]So that some of their exploits could come straight out of a modern-day thriller
[08:37.96]W:Perhaps you could tell me a little about some of the characters. M:Certainly
[08:44.80]I think most people have heard of Venus.
[08:48.74]She's not one of my favourites.
[08:52.53]She's perhaps the most physically attractive of the gods...
[08:57.39]W:...she was goddess of beauty,wasn't she?
[09:02.04]M:Goddess of love and beauty,yes.
[09:06.01]She appears on the surface to have a most charming personality
[09:11.37]but in fact she's rather a nasty character.
[09:16.02]She's forever tempting other gods with...umm...pretty girls
[09:22.26]and seems to specialise in causing marital problems.
[09:27.61]And she has a rather jealous nature,too...
[09:31.87]if she's ever rejected by a male,
[09:35.95]she's quite prepared to arrange an accident for him,usually fatal.
[09:42.11]Of course,everyone knows Zeus,the ruler of Olympus and god of the weather.
[09:48.36]He can be rather a violent character--
[09:52.33]he's usually portrayed holding a flash of lightning
[09:57.37]which he's always ready to use on anyone who annoys him.
[10:02.54]He's supremely self-confident,
[10:07.50]sees himself as all-powerful.
[10:11.34]But the interesting thing is that he's not
[10:16.02]He's always being deceived by Venus
[10:20.46]who makes him fall in love with one woman after another.
[10:25.29]Then he has to resort to all sorts of low tricks to hide the affairs from his wife
[10:32.42]W:Well,thank you very much,Roger. |