Now, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, a VOA Special English program about American expressions.

现在是美国之音慢速英语词汇典故节目。

I'm Rich Kleinfeldt with some financial words and expressions used in business and the stock market.

我是Rich Kleinfeldt，今天我给大家介绍一些商业和股市中常用的财经词汇和短语。

Our first expression is "in the red." It is another way of saying that a business is losing money. In the past, numbers in the financial records of a company were written in red ink to show a loss.

第一个短语是in the red（亏损，欠债，出现赤字），它是公司亏损的另一种说法。过去，公司的财务数据都用红色墨水书写来表示亏损。

A business magazine recently published a report about a television company. The report said the company was still in the red, but was able to cut its loss from the year before.

最近，一家商业杂志刊登了一篇关于某电视公司的报道。报道称该公司目前仍处于亏损状态，但亏损额较前一年有所减少。

A profit by a business is written in black numbers. So a company that is "in the black" is making money. An international news service reported that a private health insurer in Australia announced it was "back in the black with its first profit in three years."

企业利润都用黑色数字记录，所以，in the black（赢利，盈余）代表企业处于盈利。一家国际新闻机构报道称，澳大利亚一家私人医疗保险公司宣布，三年来他们首次重新开始赢利。

Another financial expression is "run on the bank." That is what happens when many people try to withdraw all their money from a bank. A "run on the bank" usually happens when people believe there is danger a bank may fail or close.

另一个财经短语是run on the bank（银行挤兑），当许多人试图提取他们的银行存款时就会发生挤兑。通常当人们认为银行存在亏损或倒闭风险时就会出现这种情况。

Newspaper reports about a banking crisis in Russia used that expression. They said the government acted because of fears that the crisis would cause a run on the banks. "When a run on the banks was starting, there was not much they could do," said a banking expert.

报纸在报道俄罗斯银行危机的时候用到了这个短语。报道称，政府出手是因为担心危机会导致银行发生挤兑。一位银行专家表示，如果银行开始发生挤兑，他们就会无计可施。

"Day trading" is a system that lets investors trade directly on an electronic market system. The system is known as NASDAQ, short for The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation. It was the first completely computerized stock market. It sells stocks of companies not listed on any stock exchange. Many high technology companies are listed on it.

Day trading（日交易）是一个关于交易系统的新短语，该系统可以使投资者直接通过电子交易系统交易。这个系统被称为纳斯达克，即全美证券商协会自动报价系统（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation）的缩写。这是第一家完全电子化的股票市场。它出售不在任何股票交易所上市的公司股票。许多高科技企业名列其中。

Day trading companies provide a desk and a computer system to an investor who wants to trade. Individuals must provide fifty thousand dollars or more to the trading company to pay for the stocks they buy. Thousands of other investors do day trading from computers in their homes.

日交易公司为想要交易的投资者提供一个书桌和一个电脑系统，这类个人需向日交易公司提供至少5万美元用来购买的股票。其他成千上万的投资者通过自家电脑进行日交易。

A day trader watches stock prices carefully. When he sees a stock rise in price, he uses the computer to buy shares of the stock. If the stock continues to rise in price in the next few minutes, the day trader sells the shares quickly to make a small profit. Then he looks for another stock to buy. If a stock goes down instead of up, he sells it and accepts the loss.

当日交易者（中国常说的做短线者）严密监视股票价格。当他看到一只股票价格上涨，便使用电脑购买这只股票的股份。如果这只股票在接下来的几分钟内持续上涨，他便迅速卖出赚点小钱，然后寻找另一只可以购买的股票。如果这只股票跌了，他便卖出接受亏损。

The idea is to make a small profit many times during the day. Day traders may buy and sell stocks hundreds of times each day.

这样做是为了当天之内多次交易赚点小利润。当日交易者每天可能买入卖出股票数百次。

Many day traders lose all their money in a week or so. Only about thirty percent succeed in earning enough from their efforts to continue day trading.

大部分当日交易者一周左右便亏掉所有钱。只有大约30%的人能从他们的不懈努力中成功赚够继续进行日交易的钱。

(MUSIC)

This VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, was written by Frank Beardsley. This is Rich Kleinfeldt.