VOA标准英语2012--Stravinsky's 'Rite of Spring' Celebrates 100（在线收听）

Stravinsky's 'Rite of Spring' Celebrates 100

The opening notes of "The Rite of Spring" are iconic and beloved today. But for many audience members who came to the Ballet Russes in 1913, they were unwelcome.

A bassoon had likely never been performed in such a high register. Stravinsky intended to evoke peasant voices in pagan Russia.

But as the bassoon segued into the Spring Divinations sequence, the audience began to riot.

“It was a high society audience that showed up expecting more of what they might have experienced in the past with Tchaikovsky and with Chopin ballet and even with earlier Stravinsky," says L. Michael Griffel, chair of the music history department at the Juilliard School. "And instead they had dance and music that was unlike anything they had experienced, and to their ears it very likely seemed ugly. You did not have too much of a tune anywhere you would put words to or could hum. And this audience, dressed in fancy evening gowns and tails and tuxedos and whatnot, they were just devastated.”

According to Griffel, the musical elements in "The Rite of Spring" conform to a storyline, itself shocking, about pagan tribes and their rituals of earth worship.

“You have “The Games of the Rival Clans,” which is wonderful music rhythmically," he says. “You have also the mystical moments that move slowly, something like 'The Mystical Circles of the Young Girls.' You have 'The Adoration of the Earth,' where the, elder, the leader of the group, kisses the earth.”

This pungent and challenging world was magnified by the set and colorful costumes, which one critic said resembled tents because they obscured the dancers’ bodies.

Emil Kang, artistic director of Carolina Performing Arts and its year-long celebration of "The Rite of Spring," says the original choreography, by Vatslav Njinsky, was “anti-ballet.”

“Here was a choreographer who made a ballet of ‘pigeon toes’ as they called it and bent arms," Kang says. "Again, the antithesis of what was known to be esthetically pleasing at the time. All those things were contributors to the displeasure of the audience that night.” 

Griffel says the themes were dark, even frightening. In the climax, a young girl dances herself to death to appease the fertility gods.

“This is the sacrifice by the group of the individual. That is the "Rite of Spring," he says. "That is one of the rites of spring. Life itself, and art imitating life, is not all pretty all the time and not controlled all the time. It isn’t all balanced; it isn’t all symmetrical; it isn’t all euphonious."

"The Rite of Spring" helped introduce an approach to art where every person finds his own meaning in a work, according to Kang.

In that spirit, Carolina Arts commissioned 11 new pieces based on "The Rite of Spring." 

“The commissions are varied across different genres from artists around the world," Kang says, "to all of whom we just said ‘Look at this piece in your own way. Take the chance to reinvent it.’”

Puppeteer Basil Twist will create a ballet without dancers, making curtains and other inanimate objects move to a fully-orchestrated version of "The Rite of Spring." Other works in progress are two musical scores written for the avant-garde string quartet Brooklyn Rider as well as a three-part cycle called "The Seasons," played by Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble. It's inspired by folk tunes Stravinsky used in "The Rite of Spring." Theater director Anne Bogart and choreographer Bill T. Jones are collaborating on a piece. And there are surprises yet to be unveiled.

All are inspired by one of the most famous - some would say infamous - works in the history of music.