十分钟了解英语历史。第五章。科学的英语，或者说，怎样严谨地说话。

Before the 17th Century scientists weren’t really recognised – possibly because lab-coats had yet to catch on.

在17世纪以前，科学家是不被认可的，也许是因为实验室白大褂在当时还没流行起来。

But suddenly Britain was full of physicists – there was Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle – and even some people not called Robert, like Isaac Newton. The Royal Society was formed out of the Invisible College – after they put it down somewhere and couldn’t find it again. 

不过突然之间，英国就涌现出了很多物理学家，有罗伯特?虎克，罗伯特?波伊尔，当然还有一些不叫罗伯特的人，譬如艾萨克·牛顿。“英国皇家学会”是在形同虚设的“无形学院”的基础上成立起来的。

At first they worked in Latin. After sitting through Newton’s story about the ‘pomum’ falling to the ‘terra’ from the ‘arbor’ for the umpteenth time, the bright sparks realised they all spoke English and could transform our understanding of the universe much quicker by talking in their own language.

最开始他们用拉丁语工作。在耐着性子听了无数遍牛顿的故事（苹果从树上掉下来）后，这群“聪明的傻瓜”意识到他们都说的是英语，用英语来交换对宇宙的理解会更快捷。

But science was discovering things faster than they could name them. Words like ‘acid’, ‘gravity’, ‘electricity and ‘pendulum’ had to be invented just to stop their meetings turning into an endless game of charades. 

但是科学探索出新事物的速度之快，远远超过了他们为这些事物命名的速度。像“酸”，“重力”，“电”，“钟摆”这些词不得不被发明出来，只是为了防止他们的会议变成一场无止尽的字谜游戏。

Like teenage boys, the scientists suddenly became aware of the human body – coining new words like ‘cardiac’ and ‘tonsil’, ‘ovary’, and ‘sternum’ - and the invention of ‘penis’ (1693), ‘vagina’ (1682) made sex education classes a bit easier to follow. Though  ‘clitoris’ was still a source of confusion.

就像十几岁的男孩一样，科学家们突然注意到了人类的身体，于是创造了像“心脏”，“扁桃体”，“卵巢”和“胸骨”的新词。还有1963年发明的“阴茎”一词和1682年发明的“阴道”一词，让性教育的课程更加易懂。虽然“阴蒂”这个词仍是一个造成困惑的源头。