专业术语—口腔生理学术语I1(英文详解)（在线收听）

    In Vitro - experiments which are carried out in a laboratory as distinct from in vivo experiments

    In Vivo -experiments which are carried out in live animals as distinct from in vitro experiments

    Immunity - The body response to a foreign antigen, either ingested as food, or as part of a foreign organism. There are two major ways the body defends itself; one is by antibody, production, the so called humeral response, as the antibodies circulate in the blood and the fluid between cells. The other is the cellular response, as it involves the cells of the immune system, the family of leucocytes. The particular leucocyte responsible for immune specificity is the lymphocyte. In total cell mass there are as many lymphocytes as there are liver or brain cells. During development there are millions of B (from the Bone marrow) lymphocytes made, each with a different cell membrane ligand, specific for any one of millions of antigens. The lymphocytes are circulating all the time so that they can have the chance to meet up with a foreign antigen. As soon as an antigen has been recognised by one of these cells, and bound to the cell ligand, it stimulates the cell to reproduce millions of copies of itself. All the daughter cells are clones of the original cell. These B lymphocyte daughters, migrate to the site where the antibody is needed. Instead of making an antigen for the membrane these cells make large amounts of soluble antibody. They are now recognisable as plasma cells. T lymphocytes ( having spent time in the Thymus) comprises the cell mediated response to an antigen. They are of two types, Killer T cells and Helper T Cells. Most T lymphocytes are helpers and they regulate the response of the B lymphocytes. The killer T cells are however capable of recognising the foreign antigen on the surface of a cell, and then killing the entire cell. The immune response is part of a less specific defense and healing response of the body known as inflammation.

    Indirect pulp cap - a dressing, usually calcium hydroxide, placed against the pulpal wall of a deep cavity, in order to encourage affected dentine to remineralise. The cavity is closed with a temporary filling material and re-opened after 6 weeks to assess the state of the pulp.

    Induction - cell differentiation which is brought about by the influence of cytokines released by cells of another type.

    Infected dentine- dentine which has been damaged beyond repair by caries and is infected by large numbers of caries bacteria.