VOA常速英语2013--叙利亚库尔德组织击败伊斯兰教派，宣布自治（在线收听）

Syrian Kurds Defeat Islamists, Declare Autonomy 叙利亚库尔德组织击败伊斯兰教派，宣布自治

LONDON — The most powerful Kurdish faction in Syria has declared self-rule over the territory it controls in the northeast of the country.  The announcement further complicates the civil war in Syria, and presents a complex problem for neighboring Turkey and the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government in northern Iraq.  

伦敦-叙利亚最有实力的库尔德组织宣布，在它控制之下的东北部区域实行自治。这份声明使叙利亚的内战形式更加恶化，并且给邻国土耳其和伊拉克北部的库尔德自治政府带来更复杂的问题。

In recent weeks, Kurdish militia in Syria have ousted Islamist fighters from several villages close to the Turkish border.

最近几周，叙利亚的库尔德民兵武装已经把伊斯兰教反对者从靠近土耳其边界的几个村庄重赶出。

The victories prompted the main political group of Syria's Kurds, known as the PYD, to declare autonomy.

胜利促使PYD--叙利亚最主要的政党宣布自治。

At a press conference in Paris this week, the head of the PYD Saleh Muslim discussed why the Kurds were able to defeat the Islamists.

这周在巴黎召开的记者招待会上，PYD的首领Saleh Muslim 谈及了库尔德组织为什么能打败伊斯兰教派。

“Because in the end, they are fighting for money, as I mentioned.  There are about 3,000 people killed from them.  At the beginning, they were strong, but now they are not strong enough," said Muslim.

“因为到了最后，正像我提到的，他们是为了钱在打仗。大约有3000多人被他们杀害。最初，他们是强壮的，但是现在，他们不够强了。”Muslim说。

Opposition groups in Syria accuse the Kurds of colluding with Syrian government forces - a claim the PYD strongly denies.

PYD的声明强烈否认了叙利亚反对党指责叙利亚政府武装和库尔德之间的共谋。

There was some coordination over the withdrawal of government troops from Kurdish areas last year - but they remain historic enemies, says Robert Lowe of the Middle East Center at the London School of Economics.

去年政府武装从库尔德地区撤军时，双方有些合作。但是他们依然是历史上的敌人。来自伦敦经济学校的中东中心的Robert Lowe说。

“Maybe the regime has been buying time and it’s one area of Syria they would prefer not be fighting at the moment.  But I think the regime will be unhappy that the Kurds have gone as far as to declare a full autonomous government because contemplating any break-up of Syrian territory is an absolute red line for a regime built on Arab nationalism," said Lowe.

“或许政治制度被时代收买了而且这个地区的叙利亚人在那个时刻不想开战。但是我认为政治制度并不乐观，库尔德已经走的够远宣布一个完全自治的政府。因为考虑到任何叙利亚胜利的崩裂是一种绝对的红线对于建立在阿拉伯民族主义上的政治来讲。”Lowe说。

Kurdish gains in Syria pose a complex problem for Turkey.

对土耳其来讲，库尔德在叙利亚的获利引起来复杂的问题。

The border has long been porous; Turkish attempts to build a frontier wall are being met with violent protests.

易穿过的边境线更长了，土耳其试图建立前线壁垒遭到了暴力反对。

Ankara also is trying to negotiate a peace deal to end the decades-long war against Kurdish separatists known as the PKK, which is closely allied to the PYD in Syria.

安卡拉也正尝试通过和平谈判来终结长达几十年反对库尔德分裂主义者的战争。比如PKK,这是PYD在叙利亚的同盟。

But the move towards autonomy for the Kurds - already in northern Iraq, and now increasingly in Syria - could benefit Turkey, says Ibrahim Sirkeci of Regents University in London.

但是在伊拉克北部地区，对库尔德人来说，运动已经朝自治的方向发展，而且现在在叙利亚越来越多，这可能对土耳其有利。伦敦瑞金大学的Ibrahim Sirkeci 说。

“Independence of Kurdistan in either of these countries perhaps will be conducive to establish a more peaceful solution which may appear in Turkey as well in the medium to long-term," said Sirkeci.

库尔德的独立不但有助于土耳其出现更多的和平局面的建立而且长期的中东。Sirkeci说。

Kurds in northern Iraq already enjoy much autonomy.  Statehood for all Kurds may be a long held dream, but Iraq’s Kurdistan Regional Government will be wary of the developments in Syria, says Robert Lowe.

伊拉克北部的库尔德人非常享受自治。国家地位对所有的库尔德人来说可能是一个长期的梦想。但是伊拉克库尔德自治政府将持谨慎的态度对待叙利亚的发展。Robert Lowe说。

“The party, the PYD which has declared autonomy, is not an ally of the Kurds in Iraq.  And also partly because it upsets Turkey, which is a very, very important partner for the Kurds in Iraq," he said.

“已经宣布独立的政党，PYD，不是库尔德人在伊拉克的同盟。部分原因是它让土耳其，这个库尔德在伊拉克非常非常重要的合作伙伴感到不安。”他说。

But more broadly, the regional momentum is towards Kurdish independence, says Ibrahim Sirkeci.

但大体上，区域趋势是朝库尔德独立发展，Ibrahim Sirkeci 说。

“It may appear in a federal system, a confederal system or whatever, but it seems at the moment there is nothing against that. The environment is quite conducive," he said.

“它可能会以同盟体系，联盟体系或者其他什么形式出现，但眼下没什么可反对它的。环境是非常有益的。”他说。

Analysts say the Kurdish gains further complicate the ongoing civil war in Syria, which is witnessing the splintering of opposition forces. 

分析家说库尔德人使叙利亚正持续进行的内战更加复杂化。这是从反对武装分离出来的迹象。