2013年翻译考试:易混词语辨析(五)(在线收听

   21.on sale与for sale

  for sale(个人所有物)“出售的”“待售的”,a house for sale房屋出售,not for sale(告示)非卖品。He put his car up for sale.他把汽车拿出来卖。on sale“销售中”“上市”“廉价的”“特价的”,如:They sell eggs on sale today.今天那家店鸡蛋大减价。on sale多指商品性质的东西。The summer wear is on sale.夏装正在销售。
  22.all together与altogether
  all together是一个形容词短语,多表示其原义,“所有的人在一处,同时在一起”。如:Today we are all together for the Spring Festival.因为春节,今天我们都聚集在一起了。altogether是个副词,表示“总共,完全”,如:How much is it altogether?这一共多少钱?
  23.invent与discover
  invent指创造发明以前不存在的东西或方法。如:Bell invented the telephone.贝尔发明了电话。invent还可指“虚构”或“捏造”一个情况。如:He invented an excuse for being absent.他捏造了一个缺席的借口。而discover则指发现不为人们所知但实际存在的事物。如:Do you know who discovered America?你知道是谁发现美洲的吗?I discovered that she was a good cook.我发现她很擅长烹饪。
  24.contain与include
  两词都有“包含”的意思。区别在于:contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分(have or hold within itself);而include则只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分(have…as part of a whole),如:The parcel contained a dictionary.那包裹里装的是一本字典。Does the price include postage?这价钱包含有邮费吗?另外,contain有“克制,抑制”之意。如:She could hardly contain her excitement.她抑制不住内心的激动。与include有关的including, included用法如下:We all went to the museum, Lily included.我们去了博物馆,莉莉也去了。The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.乐队演奏了很多曲子,包括我最喜欢的几首。
  25.job, work, labour与task
  这四个词都有“工作”的意思,其差异如下:
  ①job是可数名词,work是不可数名词,一般情况下可通用。如:His job (work) is as a teacher.他的职业是教师。但下面情况不可通用,如:I heard he changed jobs.我听说他已换了许多工作。I go to work (at) 7∶20.我七点二十去工作。He has a good job in a bank.他在银行里有个好职业。out of a job/out of work失业。
  ②labour一般指体力劳动,work泛指体力或者脑力劳动,如:It took many months of labour to build the house.建筑这房屋花了好几个月的劳动。The majority of men earn their living by physical labour.大多数人靠从事体力劳动谋生。
  ③task多指困难的或令人疲倦的工作,如:It’s a difficult task.这是一件(令人)困难的工作。Mary’s task is to tend the children.玛丽的任务是照料孩子。
 
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