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　　People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

　　人们的行为多是被外界力量所左右，难以被自己控制。

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　　Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.

　　结论：了解一个社会特点的最好方法是，考察这个社会标榜的英雄人物和模范榜样的特点。

　　原因：英雄人物和模范榜样揭示了一个社会的最高理念。

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　　Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.

　　应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。

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　　Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.

　　Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.

　　有些人认为，社会应该拯救所有濒危的动植物，尽管花费人类的精力、时间和资金。也有人认为，社会没有必要拯救濒危物种，特别是需要花费大量的资金和精力。

　　31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.

　　社会应该努力拯救濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。

　　2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.

　　要想了解一个社会最重要的特征，人们必须研究这个社会主要的城市。

　　18 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.

　　当很多人都质疑权威时，社会才会繁荣昌盛。

　　26 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.

　　现代生活的奢华和便利，让人们无法成为真正强大、独立的个体。

　　38 It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.

　　我们主要通过认同社会群体来定位自己。

　　53 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.

　　只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的。

　　56 Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.

　　很多重要的发现或创造都是偶然的：通常，人们为一个问题寻求答案时，通常获得其他问题的答案。

　　61 People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.

　　人们在从事危险活动之前应该认真地考虑一下后果。

　　65 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.

　　每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，违抗不公平的法律。

　　66 People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.

　　对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。

　　78 People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.

　　人们的态度更多是由即时环境决定，而不是社会整体环境。

　　85 Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.

　　有些人认为，为了保证社会繁荣，相比个体民众的安乐，社会整体的成功更为重要。也有人认为，一个社会的繁荣，只能通过社会民众的安乐来衡量。

　　87 Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.

　　Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.

　　结论：任何被称作事实的信息都应该被怀疑，因为它们很可能在将来被证明是错误的。

　　原因：很多被人们称作是事实的信息结果是错误的。

　　93 Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.

　　很不幸，在当代社会，打造一个引人入胜的外表已经变得比外表下的内容更加重要。

　　144 True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.

　　真正的成功只能通过自己设定的目标来衡量。