VOA常速英语2013--游牧社区在改变中寻求生存之道（在线收听）

Pastoral Societies Seek Place Amid Change 游牧社区在改变中寻求生存之道

KISERIAN, KENYA — Pastoralist communities around the world often live at the margins of modern day states, but pastoralist leaders maintain that their traditional  livelihoods are economically viable and environmentally sustainable. A recent international conference of pastoralists in rural Kenya offered a unique opportunity for  pastoralists to gather and learn.KISERIAN、

肯尼亚 其塞里安 — 全世界的游牧社区通常是现代国家的边缘人。不过游牧社区的领导人坚信，他们的传统生活方式具有经济上的可行性和环境上的可持续性。世界上的游牧主义正在面临威 胁。游牧主义是一种以放养家畜为主的游牧生活。

Pastoralism, a predominantly nomadic lifestyle centered on livestock herding, is under threat. To chart a way forward, more than 100 pastoralists from Sudan to Spain  attended a Global Gathering of Pastoralists in Kiserian, Kenya.

为寻求生机，从苏丹到西班牙等来自各国的超过100名游牧主义人士，参加了在肯尼亚其塞里安举行的全球游牧人大会。 

Jonathan Davies, coordinator of the Global Drylands Initiative, helped organize the event.

全球干地倡议的乔纳森·戴维斯协助组织了国际游牧人会议大会。

"By bringing people from the most unlikely places together you discover that there is a lot of common ground and a lot of opportunity for sharing of experiences and  expertise," said Davies.

全球甘地倡议乔纳森·戴维斯说：  “将人们从最不可能的地方聚集到一起，你将会发现大家有许多共同点，也有许多机会可以分享彼此的经验和专长。”

Pastoralist communities normally live in geographic peripheries, far from the reach of central governments.

游牧人社区通常处于地理边缘地带，远离中央政府的管辖。

They often are painted as anti-government and conflict-prone, but Davies claims this reputation is undeserved.

他们经常被描绘成反政府和经常发生冲突。不过戴维斯认为，这种名声并与事实不符。

"Pastoralism is on a third of the land surface on this planet and the vast majority of it is self-policing and it is pretty peaceful. The conflicts are terrible but it  is the exception, not the norm," said Davies.

戴维斯说：“游牧主义占了地球表面3分之一的土地，他们大多数自我管理也很和平。发生冲突很糟，不过那是一种例外，并非常态。”

Davies also said that the pastoralist land use system contributes to biodiversity and is environmentally sustainable, a point that was reinforced when conference  attendees visited a biofuel processing plant.

戴维斯说，游牧人口使用土地的方式有助于生物多样化，在环境上也有可持续性，这一点在与会人士参访一个生物燃料处理厂时得到印证。

Khalid Khawaldeh, who represents pastoral communities around Dana, Jordan, is among those who attended the conference and learned something new.

卡里德·卡瓦德代表约旦达纳地区的游牧社区。

"The engineer just told us that we benefit from the waste more than from the meat. This is surprising for me," said Khawaldeh.

卡瓦德说: “工程师只告诉我们，我们从废物得到的好处要比肉类还多。这让我感到意外。”

Like many at the conference, economic and political pressures forced Khawaldeh out of pastoralism.

正如许多来参加会议的人一样，经济和政治压力迫使卡瓦德无法继续其游牧主义的生活方式。

"They cannot move outside the boundaries of Jordan. Even within Jordan they are in isolated islands because of privatization, industrialization, and conservation.  So  they cannot move as they used to," said Khawaldeh.

卡瓦德说： “他们无法离开约旦的界线。即便在约旦内部，他们也因为私有化、工业化和保育而生活在孤立的岛上。所以他们无法像以前一样移动。”

The World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous People aims to set a global agenda to protect pastoralist rights.

世界移动原住民联盟的主要目标，是要为保障游牧人的权利设定一个全球性议题。

Lalji Desai, the group's secretary-general, points out that many pastoral groups face the same issues.

"Most of the pastoralists in the regions, we have similar problems linked with the policy-making and decision-making process. Recognizing our rights, land rights  issues, migratory routes, markets, preserving our animal genetic resources, or our knowledge - everything is linked with the policy-making decision," said Desai.

世界移动原住民联盟秘书长拉吉·迪赛说：: “大部分区域里的游牧人都有与政策制定和决策过程相关的类似问题。包括承认我们的权利、土地权问题、移动的路线、市集、保存我们动物基 因的资源或我们的知识等，所有这些都和政策的制定有关。”

Ol-Johán Sikku, from the Sami community of reindeer herders in northern Sweden, noted that some pastoral groups, including the Sami, find support lacking.

欧约翰·西库来自瑞典北部牧养麋鹿的萨米社区。

"Still locally, regionally, or in the country you have to do something. But if you get support from the U.N., that's good. Because even the Sami people, we feel that  the northern Scandinavian countries don't support the Sami so we have to have support from the U.N., EU and then we can do something," said Sikku.

西库说： “在地方上、区域或国家里你还是必须做点事。如果你得到联合国的支持，那会很好。因为即便是萨米人，我们也觉得斯堪的纳维亚国家不支持萨米人，所以我们必须得到联合国和 欧盟的支持才能做些事。”

Sikku is trying to protect his ancient lifestyle by adapting to modern realities. He lobbies the Swedish government for Sami rights and works with a group called Slow  Food Sápmi that promotes traditional Sami recipes to find new markets for his reindeer meat. 

西库正在适应现实条件设法保护他古老的生活方式。他为保障萨米人的权利而去游说瑞典政府，他也和一个推行传统萨米人菜谱的组织合作，为他的麋鹿肉寻找新的市场。