Unit 13 About yourself
Part Ⅰ Getting ready
Our body is made up of different parts, such as face, hands and feet. Body words have been widely used figuratively in some phrases. And these phrases often create very vivid images.
A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
1. grind to a halt: stop moving
2. abdomen: the part of your body below your chest where your stomach and intestines are
3. coil up: wind into a continuous series of loops
4. dehydrate: remove all the water
5. contaminated food: food becoming impure, unhealthy, or harmful
6. bacteria: very small organisms which can cause disease (MM )
7. gobble up: eat up quickly and greedily
8. reserve: a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed
9. lash: hit violently
B You are going to hear several short dialogues. Pay attention to the numbers and body words in the phrases. Then guess the meaning of the phrases with body words.
1. A: Do you know how many ________ you've got?
B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh. ________? More? (A: Yes) _______?
A: Yes.
2. A: Do you know how many _________ there are in your body?
B: How many bones? I'll take a guess.________.
A: _________.
3. A: How often does your ________ beat?
B: _______ times a minute.
A: No, ________ times a minute.
4. Bob: Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?
Billy: Just you keep your great _______ out of this, Bob, will you?
(Meaning: __________________________)
5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you in my life again.
Steven: Oh no.
Mary: You really have put your ________ in it, haven't you?
(Meaning: _____________________________________________)
6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a ________, please?
Dave: What?
Kate: I said can you give me a _________.
Dave: All right, I'm coming. No need to shout. (Meaning: ____________)
7. Max: Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man like my son Julian?
Frank: No, I haven't heard of any at all recently.
Max: Well, could you keep your _________ open, just in case?
(Meaning: ____________)
8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then?
Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?
Carol: No. Maggie Brown. She's in love again.
Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?
Carol: With her boss. _______ over heels in love with him, she is.
(Meaning: ______________)
9. Nick: Have you ever lent any money to Mick?
Jill: Mick? Huh! I wouldn't lend him any if I were you.
Nick: Why not? Doesn't he pay it back?
Jill: No. Never. He's up to his ________ in debts.
(Meaning: __________________)
10. Liz: She's a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complains. Nothing's too much trouble for her.
Pat: I know, yeah. Not many like her about. She's all ______, really. All ________.
(Meaning: ___________________________________ )
Part Ⅱ The digestive system and diarrhea
The human body is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. The food we eat helps to give us energy. It has a long journey to make before all its goodness has been taken into our body. The food takes up to six hours to be digested in the stomach, depending on the size of the meal. The complete digestive process takes about 24 hours. But sometimes the system can go wrong.
A You are going to hear a talk on the digestive system and diarrhea. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, match column A with column B with the help of the notes.
Column A Column B
1. gut symptoms __ absorbing digested rood into blood stream
__ contaminated rood
2. the digestive system __ drinking enough
__ a long tube coiling up in the abdomen
3. causes of diarrhea __ carrying away waste products
__ constipation
4. jobs of the digestive system __ infection by viruses or parasites
__ breaking down food
5. treatment for diarrhea __ adding enzymes
__ diarrhea
B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the causes and treatment of diarrhea by a doctor. Complete the statements.
Causes of diarrhea
● There are infections, and this is ______________, which is caused by sort of bacteria or organism.
● Some foods ______ might irritate _________ and tend to give you diarrhea.
● Some people when they ________ and _____________ tend to get diarrhea.
● People who suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome tend to get tummy pains and ________.
Treatment of diarrhea
● Most attacks of diarrhea are not __________ and they ____________ by themselves within __________.
● The most important thing is to ________________.
● It is better not to __________ and not to worry about that.
● Ideally, the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of _________.
● You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are ____________.
● You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful of ____________.
Part Ⅲ Immunity
The environment contains many potentially destructive microorganisms. It is impossible for us to avoid contact with microbes. That's why our body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. Then why don't we suffer from constant illness? Do we have our own defense system?
A The following words and phrases are used in a discussion on the immune system. Listen to the words and phrases first. Study the definitions carefully.
1. germ: 微生物，细菌
2. defense system: 防御系统
3. cell: 细胞
4. white blood cell: 白细胞，白血球
5. molecule: 分子
6. bone marrow: 骨髓
7. antibody: 抗体
8. measles: 麻疹
9. polio: 小儿麻痹症
10. tuberculosis: 肺结核
11. AIDS: 艾滋病
B Now listen to the following discussion. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.
Questions
1. Since we have the immune system, why do we still need vaccinations?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. How does a vaccination work?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Can we produce vaccines for any disease? Give an example.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Why is it so difficult to attack AIDS?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the discussion. Complete the diagram. Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place.
1. the virus that causes AIDS
2. remembering the chemical makeup of invading germs and attacking them very quickly
3. fighting invading disease
4. destroying the body's immune system
5. protecting the body against specific infections
6. putting the body at greater risk from other common infections
Part Ⅳ More about the topic: The Circulatory System
To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into eight systems such as the muscles, the circulatory and respiratory systems and the digestive system.
The following short passage is about the circulatory system. Supply the missing words while listening.
All ________ of our body must have nourishment and oxygen in order to function and grow, and their ________ products must be removed before they accumulate and poison the __________. The circulatory system distributes ________ materials and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the _________, blood vessels, and blood. The blood is also part of the body's ________ system. It has antibodies and white blood _________ that protect the body against foreign ________.
The heart is a muscle that is divided into _________ nearly identical halves: one half receives blood from the _______ and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends _______ that has traveled through the body ______ to the lungs. When the heart muscle contracts, the blood is forced out into _______ and enters small capillaries. Blood returns to the heart through veins.
Materials enter and leave the blood across the thin _________ of capillaries, which are located near every _________ of the body. In almost every case, blood leaving a group of capillaries travels to the _________ and then to the lungs for more _________ before it returns to the capillaries. The one exception is _________ that has traveled through capillaries in the ________ system. The vein from this system, called the portal vein, carries blood directly to the __________, where nutrients are stored before the blood returns to the _________.
Part Ⅴ Memory test: Hair
Nobody's really sure why people go bald, but some scientists believe that people may inherit baldness. If you are interested, check out your mother' father. Your hairline may look like his when you get older.
Now listen to this radio phone-in. Complete the following chart.
Caller's name _________________________________
Problem _________________________________
Caller's doctor's opinion _________________________________
Solution _________________________________
Advice _________________________________
Part Ⅵ Reminder of key points in this unit
Verb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other
Part Ⅰ take a guess bone head over heels
keep one's nose out of up to one's neck
put one's foot in all heart
give sb. a hand
keep one's ears open
Part Ⅱ over-tax digestive system insufficiently
grind to a halt fuel rusty
coil up mechanism sluggish
digest abdomen efficiently
break down digestion watery
squeeze muscle irritable
dehydrate gut reasonable
irritate bowel obviously
clear up intestine
enzyme
feces
symptom
diarrhea
constipation
contaminated food
virus
parasite
dehydration
fluid
life saver
bacteria
syndrome
tummy pains
a pinch of
Part Ⅲ lash immunity constant (ly)
come into play germ literally
assist reserve
backup
bone marrow
antibody
measles
polio
tuberculosis
Part Ⅳ accumulate nourishment identical
distribute capillary directly
contract vein
nutrient
Part Ⅴ comb hair shampoo bald
baldness ridiculous
patch
wig
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