2011年ESL之餐饮娱乐 03 Types of Sandwiches（打印版）

2011年ESL之餐饮娱乐 03 Types of Sandwiches（在线收听）

03 Types of Sandwiches

GLOSSARY

to have a craving for – to have a sudden, strong desire to eat or drink aparticular type of food or drink

* When Makiko was pregnant, she often had a craving for very salty foods.

BLT – a sandwich made with bacon, lettuce, and tomato slices on toasted breadwith mayonnaise

* A BLT isn’t very healthy, because bacon has a lot of fat.

pastrami on rye – a sandwich made with many thin slices of processed beef onbread made from rye (a grain)

* This restaurant serves pastrami on rye with French fries and a pickle.

Reuben – a sandwich made with many thin slices of corned beef (a salty beefproduct) and sauerkraut (a salad made from fermented cabbage), served ontoast

* Henrietta made a big mess while eating her Rueben sandwich, because all ofthe sauerkraut fell out.

club sandwich – a sandwich made with three slices of bread, with manylunchmeats (turkey, ham, chicken) between the slices of bread, as well astomato, lettuce, mustard, and mayonnaise

* The club sandwich was so big that Pietro had a hard time putting his moutharound it.

to hit the spot – for a food or drink to be very satisfying; for a food or drink tomeet one’s need; for a food or drink to eliminate one’s hunger or thirst

* After being on the hot beach all day, a big glass of cold iced tea really hit thespot.

diner – an informal restaurant that serves inexpensive foods, often sandwiches,soups, salads, and milkshakes

* This diner has a 1950s theme, and the waitresses wear poodle skirts and rollerskates when they take your order.

French dip – a sandwich made on a large white roll (bread), filled with many thinslices of roast beef and served with a small cup of the salty broth (soup-likeliquid) made while cooking the beef

* I wish this French dip sandwich came with more dip. It’s delicious.

cheesesteak – a sandwich made on a long, white bun (bread) filled with thinslices of steak and topped with melted cheese, very popular in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania

* If you go to Philadelphia, be sure to try the popular cheesesteak sandwiches.

to settle for – to decide that something is acceptable and that one will have, use,or do it even though it is not what one really wants; to have, do, or use somethingthat does not fully meet one’s needs, but is acceptable

* I’d really like to schedule a one-hour meeting with Hank, but if he only has 20minutes available tomorrow, I guess I’ll settle for that.

tuna/chicken salad sandwich – a sandwich with two slices of bread filled with asalad made from small pieces of tuna or chicken, mayonnaise, and finely dicedonion, sometimes served with slices of lettuce and/or tomato

* Dina makes a delicious chicken salad sandwich with small pieces of nuts.

renovation – the act of making changes to a building so that it is morecomfortable, more beautiful, or more functional and useful

* The school administrators are trying to finish the renovations before the fallwhen classes begin again.

grilled cheese – a sandwich made by putting cheese between two slices ofbread, putting butter on the outside of the bread, and heating it in a frying pan oron a grill so that the cheese melts

* Grilled cheese and tomato soup is one of my favorite lunches on cold days.

peanut butter and jelly – a sandwich made by spreading one slice of bread witha peanut paste and the other slice of bread with jelly, jam, or preserves

* On any given day, about half of the students in Ms. Pebley’s classroom bringpeanut butter and jelly sandwiches for lunch.

what do you say – an informal phrase used to ask for another person’s opinionwhen suggesting an action or plan

* What do you say we have a pizza delivered instead of going to a restauranttonight?

beggars can’t be choosers – an expression meaning that people who areasking for a favor or for another person’s assistance cannot be picky and need toaccept what is offered

* After everything was destroyed in the fire, the family had to accept clothing theydidn’t really like from friends, but beggars can’t be choosers.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1. Which of these things could be eaten by a vegetarian (someone who does noteat meat)?

a) A BLTb) A club sandwichc) Grilled cheese2. What does Geraldo mean when he says, “I guess beggars can’t bechoosers”?

a) He doesn’t want grilled cheese or peanut butter and jelly.

b) He’ll eat what she has offered, but it’s not his first choice.

c) He doesn’t think Natasha is a very good cook.

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WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?

to hit the spot

The phrase “to hit the spot,” in this podcast, means for a food or drink to be verysatisfying and meet one’s need, eliminating one’s hunger or thirst: “I was reallyhungry an hour ago, but that meal hit the spot.” The phrase “to put (someone) onthe spot” means to ask someone a difficult or embarrassing question, especiallyin front of other people: “Why did you put me on the spot like that? Couldn’t wehave talked about it in private?” A “weak spot” refers to something that one likesvery much and has little resistance against: “Lauralee has always had a weakspot for lemon candies.” Finally, the phrase “to have a soft spot for (someone)”

means to like someone very much, even when he or she does bad things: “Janethas always had a soft spot for her youngest son, even though he’s atroublemaker.”

to settle for

In this podcast, the phrase “to settle for” means to decide that something isacceptable and that one will have, use, or do it even though it is not what onereally wants: “We didn’t have enough money to buy a really big house, so we hadto settle for a two-bedroom, one-bath home.” The phrase “to settle (one’s)differences” means to reach an agreement and end an argument: “You two willhave to learn to settle your differences without violence.” The phrase “to settledown” means to become quiet and calm: “You kids are making too much noise.

Settle down, right now!” Finally, “to settle one’s bill/account” means to pay all themoney that is owed: “Should I return the hotel room key before or after we settleour account?”

CULTURE NOTE

Sandwiches are popular in the United States. In addition to the sandwichesdescribed in today’s podcast, you can find many other common foods that aremade by putting something between two pieces of bread. Although these foodsare similar to sandwiches, most Americans don’t think of them that way.

For example, “hamburgers” and “cheeseburgers” are sandwiches made with afried “patty” (a round, flat, object) of ground beef or ground turkey, as well asketchup, mustard, onions, lettuce, pickles, and/or tomatoes. “Hot dogs” areanother type of sandwich made with a special, long white “roll” (piece of bread)that is cut in half, but not all the way through, so that it can be folded open andclosed again. A “hot dog” (a processed pork product, similar to a long sausage)is put between the two halves of the roll and covered with ketchup, mustard,pickles and/or onions.

In recent years, American have become more concerned about how“carbohydrates” (energy sources found in bread and similar foods) can makethem “gain weight” (become fatter and heavier), yet they still want to eatsandwiches. Food manufacturers and restaurants have responded by makingproducts with thinner slices of bread or “low-carb” (with few carbohydrates)bread. Others have started offering sandwich-like foods where they’ve replacedthe bread with a “tortilla” (a very flat, round piece of bread made from corn orflour, often used in Mexican cooking). When a tortilla is “wrapped” (folded)around vegetables and/or meats, the food is called a “wrap,” but it is basically stilla sandwich. Sometimes food producers “take this a step further” (do somethingto an extreme) and replace the tortilla with lettuce leaves, making a “lettucewrap,” but it is still similar to a sandwich.

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Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – b

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT

Welcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 665: Types ofSandwiches.

This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 665. I’m your host, Dr.

Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.

Our website is eslpod.com. Go there to download a Learning Guide for thisepisode – and to make your life a little happier today!

This episode I hope will make you happy, or perhaps hungry. It’s called “Typesof Sandwiches.” Let’s get started.

[start of dialogue]

Geraldo: I am so hungry. When can we go eat?

Natasha: Just another minute and I’ll be finished here. What do you have acraving for?

Geraldo: I want a good sandwich, maybe a BLT or a pastrami on rye. Now that Ithink of it, a Reuben or a club sandwich would really hit the spot. I wonder ifNathan’s is still open.

Natasha: I doubt it. It’s really late.

Geraldo: In that case, maybe we can find a diner where I can get a French dip ora cheesesteak sandwich. I’d even settle for a tuna or chicken salad sandwich.

Natasha: The nearest diner is closed for renovations, remember?

Geraldo: What are we going to do?

Natasha: I know of a place that’s open and ready to serve.

Geraldo: Where?

Natasha: My place.

Geraldo: You can make me a good sandwich?

Natasha: You’ll have a choice of grilled cheese or peanut butter and jelly. Whatdo you say?

Geraldo: I guess beggars can’t be choosers.

[end of dialogue]

Our dialogue begins with Geraldo saying, “I am so hungry (I am very hungry).

When can we go eat?” Notice this use of “go” plus a verb; it’s used in moreconversational English. He could say, “When can we eat?” or “When can we goto eat?” but it’s possible, also, to leave out the “to” and say simply, “When can wego eat?” You might also say something like “I’m going to go play baseball,” “I’mgoing to watch a movie on television.”

Natasha says, “Just another minute and I’ll be finished here. What do you havea craving for?” “To crave” (crave) means to be hungry for something; it’s typicallyfood, but you could also crave love or crave attention. It’s wanting somethingvery badly, wanting it a lot. “To have a craving” – here the verb becomes a noun,a gerund: a “craving” – means to have a sudden, strong desire to eat a particularkind of food. When someone asks, “What do you have a craving for?” – andthat’s probably how you would normally hear it, as a noun – they’re asking ifthere’s some specific food you really want. “I have a craving for lasagna” or “Ihave a craving for sushi” or whatever it happens to be.

Natasha asks Geraldo what he has a craving for. Geraldo says, “I want a goodsandwich, maybe a BLT or a pastrami on rye.” “BLT” stands for bacon, lettuce,and tomato. A BLT is a sandwich that is made with bacon, lettuce, and slices oftomato – piece of tomato, typically on a toasted bread. So you have two piecesof toasted bread, you put the sandwich in between – that’s what a sandwich is –and you will often add something like mayonnaise on the sandwich as well.

“Pastrami” is a type of meat made from beef. “Pastrami on rye” is a sandwichwhere the bread is made from rye (rye). “Rye” is a grain; it’s something that youcan make bread out of. Pastrami on rye is a popular sandwich that you couldget, for example, at a New York deli. A “deli” (deli) stands for “delicatessen” – oris short for “delicatessen,” which is a small store that sells meat and cheese andoften has sandwiches for sale. If you go to New York City, you’ll see a lot ofdelis, and pastrami on rye is the classic, we might say, popular sandwich that youcan find there, among others.

So Geraldo says maybe he wants a BLT or a pastrami on rye. “Now that I thinkof it, a Reuben or a club sandwich would really hit the spot.” A “Reuben sandwich,” it’s spelled like the name Reuben (Reub – as in “boy” – en), is asandwich made from many small pieces – small slices of corned beef, which is atype of beef that is “cured” or treated with salt. It also has a certain kind of whatwe would call cabbage – fermented cabbage called “sauerkraut,” and you put thisbetween two toasted pieces of bread. That’s a Reuben, not my favoritesandwich. A “club sandwich” – I love club sandwiches – a “club sandwich” ismade with three pieces of bread, so it’s like one sandwich on top of anothersandwich. You have many different kinds of meats that would – or could go intoa club sandwich, most typically it’s turkey, ham, and chicken. The meat is in aform we would call “cold cuts” (cuts). “Cold cuts” is when meat is processed; it’sput through a machine, if you will, and it comes out in very thin pieces, we wouldcall them “slices,” and that’s what you would normally get in a club sandwich at arestaurant. You would also have tomatoes, lettuce, usually mayonnaise, perhapsmustard as well. I don’t like mine with mustard! Geraldo thinks one of thesesandwiches, a Reuben or a club, would really hit the spot. “To hit the spot” iswhen the food that you are eating, or the drink that you are drinking, are verysatisfying; they meet your need. You were very hungry and you go and you haveyour favorite sandwich and now you’re not hungry anymore, you say, “Boy, thathit the spot!” That’s exactly what I wanted; I am no longer hungry or thirstyanymore.

Geraldo says, “I wonder if Nathan’s is still open.” Nathan’s is a restaurant that hewants to go to. Natasha says, “I doubt it (I don’t think so). It’s really late,”

probably late at night. Geraldo says, “In that case, maybe we can find a dinerwhere I can get a French dip or a cheesesteak sandwich.” A “diner” (diner) is arestaurant – an informal restaurant that serves inexpensive, cheap food, usuallysandwiches, soups, salads, maybe some other types of drinks. There’s noalcohol at a diner. It’s not a restaurant you would bring your girlfriend to, at leastif you were on a first date – unless she really likes diners. Hmm, possible. Therewas a wonderful movie called Diner that was made in the 1980s, when I was incollege, about American young men in their late teens-early 20s, which is howold I was when the movie came out. Diners are very popular in American culture;you will find diners in every city and every small town typically, and it’s a placewhere you can get good but not expensive food. There’s a diner I go to not toofar from me over in Santa Monica called Rae’s (Rae’s).

In any case, Geraldo says that maybe they can find a diner – diners are oftenopen until a very late hour, sometimes 24 hours a day – “where I can get aFrench dip or a cheesesteak sandwich.” A “French dip” is a sandwich that ismade with a large we would call it “roll,” a large piece of white bread, and insideare slices – small pieces of roast beef. And typically, there is a small cup or abowl that has something like soup in it, we would call at a “broth,” that is made from the cooking of the beef. So you take the sandwich in one hand and you putit into the broth – the soup, if you will; it’s not soup, it’s a liquid – and you thentake a bite out of the sandwich, and then you dip it, that is you put it back inagain, take it out, and continue eating the sandwich this way. The French dip,according to at least two restaurants here in Los Angeles, was invented in LosAngeles – it was first made here in Los Angeles. There are at least tworestaurants that say they were the first to make a French dip. The one that I goto, which is located near the Chinatown area of Los Angeles where there are lotsof Chinese restaurants and stores, but it’s not a Chinese restaurant at all, it’scalled Philippe’s. A “cheesesteak sandwich” is a sandwich made on a long,white piece of bread, we would call it a “bun” (bun), and you put in small, thinpieces, or slices of steak – of beef, and on top of it you put cheese that is goingto melt with the heat. It’s a very popular sandwich in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

If you ever go to Philadelphia, what you should get is a cheesesteak sandwich;that’s what they are famous for – one of the things they’re famous for.

Geraldo says, “I’d even settle for a tuna or chicken salad sandwich.” “To settlefor (something)” is a phrasal verb meaning it’s not the thing you really wanted,but it’s okay. “I really want a pizza, but I’ll settle for some lasagna.” It’s not myfavorite, but it’s good enough; it’s acceptable to you. “Settle” has a number ofdifferent meanings in English, some of those can be found in our Learning Guide.

A “tuna or chicken salad sandwich” is a sandwich made with two pieces, or twoslices of bread filled with either tuna, which is a kind of fish, or chicken, but it’scut up and combined with mayonnaise and usually some very small pieces ofonion, and there’s also a piece of or slice of lettuce and/or tomato that will oftencome on a tuna or chicken salad sandwich. I love tuna salad sandwiches!

Natasha says, “The nearest diner is closed for renovation.” “Renovation” is whenyou take a building, usually a commercial building, and you make significant orbig changes to it to make it better. For a house, we would probably say you’re“remodeling” the house. For a building where a restaurant might be we wouldsay “renovation,” but they’re basically the same ideas. Geraldo says, “What arewe going to do?” because the diner that he wanted to go to is not open. Natashasays, “I know of a place (meaning I know a place) that’s open and ready toserve,” meaning you can get some food there right now. Geraldo says, “Where?”

Natasha says, “My place,” meaning my house or my apartment, the place whereI live. Geraldo says, “You can make me a good sandwich? Natasha says,“You’ll have your choice of grilled cheese or peanut butter and jelly. What do yousay?” A “grilled cheese sandwich” – I used to eat when I was a kid – is asandwich that’s made of a piece of cheese melted on a toasted piece of bread.

Usually you put the cheese in there and you put some butter on the outside, thenyou put it in a pan and you heat it up and brown the bread – make the bread brown and crisp, a little bit hard. That’s a grilled cheese sandwich. A “peanutbutter and jelly sandwich” is, again, a sandwich that you would eat as a childprobably more than as an adult. “Peanut butter” is a type of paste that is madefrom peanuts; it’s thick. “Jelly” is made from some sort of typically fruit, but it’svery sweet, and it is like the peanut butter, kind of thick. You put those twotogether and you get a “PBJ” as we sometimes call it, a peanut butter and jellysandwich. It’s the sort of thing that children – young children can make on theirown without any help, and it is also something that would be popular to, forexample, take to school to eat at your lunchtime.

Natasha says, “What do you say?” meaning what do you think of my idea.

Geraldo says, “I guess beggars can’t be choosers.” This is an old expression.

“Beggars” (beggars) are people who don’t have money and ask other people formoney, often on the street. You’re walking down the street and someone says,“Do you have a dollar?” That’s a beggar, a poor person without enough moneyasking someone else for some money. A “chooser” is someone who chooses.

So the expression “beggars can’t (cannot) be choosers” means that if you areasking someone for something, you don’t necessarily have the opportunity oroption of choosing; you have to take what they give you. If you ask someone for10 dollars and they give you 5 dollars you can’t say, “Oh, no, no. I want 10dollars.” You would take the five dollars; you would take what is offered to you,and that’s what Geraldo is saying. He doesn’t have any other choice; this is hisonly option.

Now let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.