Lesson 11—One good turn deserves another
课文内容
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &20. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said,'so now you can pay for my dinner!'
课文注译
1、One good turn deserves another.这是句谚语，意思是对于别人的善意或帮助应作相应的回报。
2、gets a good salary.有一份很高的薪水。
3、never pays it back.从不归还。
参考译文
我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来。托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作，而现在正在一家银行上班，他的薪水很高，但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。托尼看见了我，就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前。他从未向我借过钱，但他吃饭时，我提出向他借20英镑。令我惊奇的是，他立刻把钱给了我。“我还未向你借过钱。”托尼说道，“所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了！”
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自学导读
1．One good turn deserves another,（标题）礼尚往来。
（1）名词turn的含义之一是“（帮助或损害他人的）举动”、“行为”：
Yesterday George did me a good/ an ill turn.
乔治昨天做了一件对我有利／不利的事。
He is always ready to do a turn for others.
他总是乐于为他人做好事。
（2）deserve的意义为“应受”、“应得（奖赏、惩罚等）”、“值得”，通常为及物动词：
His words deserve attention.
他的话值得注意。
Mary deserves the prize.
玛丽应得这个奖。
2．He gets a good salary…他的薪水很高……
good在这里的意思是“相当大／多的”、“相当可观的”：
It takes me a good three hours to get there.
我花了整整3小时才到达那里。
3．…but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. ……但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。
（1）连词and在这句话中可解释为“并且”、“另外”(in addition)。
（2）pay在这里的意思是“偿还（债务等）”。
pay还可以解释为“付”、“支付（价款、账单等）”，如课文的最后一句话：
…so now you can pay for my dinner!
……所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了！
pay 既是及物动词也可以是不及物动词：
How much did you pay for that dress?
那件衣服你花了多少钱？
I paid the bill.
我付了账。
语法 Grammar in use
1．在前10课的语法中，我们比较了一般过去时、一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时和过去进行时等时态以及和它们相关的时间状语，另外还学习了被动语态。现在我们通过例句简要回顾一下所学过的内容：
2．动词+名词／代词+ 带to 的不定式
某些动词之后的带to的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词／代词可有可无，但有和没有经常影响整个句子的意义：
I want to speak to John.
我想和约翰谈话。(=I will speak.)
I want you to speak to John.
我希望你和约翰谈谈。(=You will speak.)
但是，还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时，其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有：allow, advise, help, teach, tell, request等等。这类动词不但可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：
Mr. Turner did not allow us to see the picture.
特纳先生没让我们看那幅画。
We were not allowed to see the picture.
人们不许我们看那幅画。
He taught me to paint.
他教我绘画。
Jane helped Julie to cook the meal.
简帮着朱莉做饭。
词汇学习 Word study
1．salary与wage
salary可译为“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指职员、脑力劳动者（如律师、教师、医生等）的收入，数额比较固定，一般按月支付：
My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.
我每月28号领工资。
wage可译为“工资”、“工钱”，通常指技工或一般体力劳动者的收入，按周或天支付。wage一般用复数形式wages:
When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.
我当侍者时工资不高，但小费可观。
Women often get low wages.
妇女的报酬通常很低。
2．borrow与lend
borrow的意思是“借”、“借入”，经常与from连用：
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn't given me it yet.
他昨天借了我的钢笔，到现在他还没有还我。
Can I borrow ￡ 20 from you please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.
我能从您这里借20英镑吗？我明天就还给您。
lend的意思是“把……借给”、“借出”，经常与介词to连用：
He refused to lend any money to Tom.
他不肯借给汤姆钱。
Can you lend me ￡ 20 please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.
您能借给我20英镑吗？我明天就还给您。
Can you lend your car to me this afternoon?
你今天下午能把车借我用一下吗？
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A a he is now working (1.2)
b he gets (1.3); he always borrows (1.3); never pays it back (1.4)
c came in…worked (11.2-2); Tony saw (1.4); came and sat (1.4); I asked him (1.6); he gave me (1.7); Tony said (1.8)
d He has never borrowed (1.5); I have never borrowed (1.7)
e I was having (1.1); he was eating (1.6)
C 1 gets…got
2 have not had
3 was writing…talked/ were talking
4 am typing
5 passed/ were passing
D The Taj Mahal was built…after he became/ had become ruler, his wife…died. The Taj Mahal was built in her honour. Experts were called in…The Taj Mahal, which was begun in 1632 and (was) completed in 1654, cost a fortune…it has been visited by…
2．难点练习答案
a
A 1 The officer ordered the men to fire at the enemy.
2 He wants his wife to wear this dress.
3 She wants us to explain it.
4 I cannot allow him to enter the room.
B (sample sentences)
1 He asked me to help him.
2 We preferred her to stay at home.
3 He taught me to speak English.
4 My mother wished me to collect the laundry.
5 Do you want her to visit you?
b
1 salary 2 lent…salary/ wages 3 borrowed 4 wages 5 wages
3．多项选择题答案
1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 c
7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11b 12 d
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★turn n. 行为，举止
behavior：行为，举止
pay attention to your behavior
turn：对人有影响力的行为
★deserve v. 应得到，值得
He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬
Yor deserve the best.你应该得到最好的
deserve + n.
promotion：提升
He deserved a promotion.
deserve to do: 应该...
She deserved to be punished.
Good work deserves good pay.
★lawyer n. 律师
lawyer's office：律师事务所
★bank n. 银行
rob the bank：抢银行
★salary n. 工资
pay：工资（salary+wage) 通用
salary:工资（月薪，年薪）……有固定工作或管理阶层
wage:工资（按小时，周计算的）……不稳定的工作
bonus：奖金，分红
collet:搜集，领取 collect salary/wage：领工资
★immediately adv. 立刻
at once：立刻，马上
right now：现在
right away：＝at once,immediately 立刻，马上
【课文讲解】
One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来，善有善报
One bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报
work for……强调工作
work in……强调in后面的地点
some/several years ago
名词-s,前面省略了some
working at a bank 比较稳定
He gets a good salary.薪水不错
The teachers in the new oriental school can get good salary.
borrow from：从...借
never=not 前面不需要加助动词
pay back：还钱
and连接三个并列的动词
at the same table：坐在同一张桌子旁边
at table：吃饭
at the table:坐在桌子旁边
Would you like to join us?
has never borrowed 潜台词perhaps,this time he would borrow from me
ask sb.to do请求某人做...
to my surprise:真让我惊讶
pay for：为...而付钱
ask for:问...要
I have paid for you a dinner.
I have paid 20 dollars for the book.（强调）
It's my treat.我请客
Let's go dutch.AA制
This time is your treat. next time is my turn.
【Key structures】
Exercises A
a.what is happening now……进行时态
b.what always happens……一般时态
c.what happened……过去时态
d.what has happened……现在完成时态
e.what was happening……过去进行时态
a. He is now working at a bank.(现阶段）
We are learning English.
b.(现在、过去、将来）习惯、反复
He always lent his CD to the others.(过去）
I will visit you.(将来）
I visit you(无论现在，过去，还是将来）
c.在过去的时间里，发生的事情，不强调对现在的影响和跟其它时间的比较，叫一般过去式．
过去的过去……过去完成时
有过去发生的动作，但是还强调对现在的影响……现在完成时
有（yesterday,last night)以前的事情，没有强调对现在的影响……一般过去时
d.过去的行为对现在产生的影响或者过去的行为一直延续的现在……现在完成时
e.过去某一特定时间发生的动作……过去进行时
Exercises C
1.gets...got
2.have not had (have-have had)
so far:up to now 到目前为止 现在完成时
3.was writing were talking
4.I'm typing at the moment……标志着现在进行时；now
5.were passing
Exercises D
...动词的正确语态填空，时态
先确定主被动，然后确定时态
in the seventeenth century……一般过去时的标志
The Taj Mahal……泰姬陵
was built;
became;
died;
was built in one's honour: 为了纪念某人
were called (call in:召集)
was begun;
was completed;
cost;
has been visited; (up to the present day : up to now)
【Multiple choice exercises】
4.a
at the moment:现在进行时
since:自从 点时间
for:一段 段时间
for three hours; since yesterday; for a day; for three days
since three days ago
8.a
good salary well:表示好的时候一般用作副词
He is well.
fine……天气好，质量好
10.c
pay back:还钱
pay something:付钱 pay again;再次付钱
pay it :付钱 once more:again
repay it =pay back
11.one……代词，指代上文的名词 The red one.
a different one
one……指代单数可数名词
another
He is a boy
【Special difficulties】
I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
ask somebody to do something.
want to do something want somebody to do
会用sb to do sth的动词：
ask; want; tell; order; expect; wish; allow; advise; like; teach
一定不能说 hope somebody to do 正确用法：hope to do 或 hope that
Exercises A
1.order somebody to do
...the man to fire at the enemy
.........
Exercises B
1.He ask somebody to do something
He asked his wife to let him in.
2.prefer：宁可
I prefer him to die.
..........
b.salary wages c.borrow from lend to
exercises:
1.salary;
2.lend slary/wages
3.borrowed (laptop:手提电脑）
4.wages.
5.wages.
难点：
...somebody to do something
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