Lesson 33:Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why was the girl in hospital?
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
darkness n.
explain v.
coast n.
storm n.
towards prep.
rock n.
shore n.
light n.
ahead adv.
cliff n.
struggle v.
hospital n.
参考译文
几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。
新概念英语正版图书购买
自学导读
1．Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。
（1）
这句话有两个从句。before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语。
（2） before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为“在……之前”，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：
It will be months before he can come back.
要过好几个月他才能回来。
He ran off before his mother could stop him.
他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。
2．One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。
（1）
我们已经学过 set out表示“出发”：
Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock.
艾利森船长将于8点钟启航。
set out from表示“从……出发”。
（2） be caught in表示某人“（突然）遇到/上（风暴等）”：
He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.
他在回家途中遇到了大雨。
3．Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。
介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。
4．During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段时间里，她游了8英里。
（1）that time指上句话中提到的the whole night。
（2）cover可以笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过”、“飞过”、“游过”等：
The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。
（3）
表示具体的距离可以用“a distance of+ 具体长度”这个结构。
5．high up on the cliffs，
在高高的峭壁上。
up为形容词，
表示“在上面的”、“高高的”、“在较高处的”，high为副词，修饰up。
6．On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.
到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。
（1）“on+ 动名词”相当于 as soon as或 when 引导的时间状语从句：
On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.
他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。
（2） she had seen为 the light的定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。
（3）up 在此处为介词，表示“沿着……往上”。
7．That was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。
that指前面（从第2句话开始）描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词that（不能用which）被省略了。
语法 Grammar in use
用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词（也被称为小品词）
（1）表示“上”、“下”
的两对小品词是on和off，up和 down：Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't fall off.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。
Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。
（2）
表示“来”、“去”
的一对小品词是from和to；towards的意义与to相近，表示“朝”、“向”、“接近”等； for在有些动词后面也表示“往”、“向”的意思：
He came from Moscow. He's going to New York.
他从莫斯科来。
他将要去纽约。
The plane flies from Moscow to New York.
这架飞机从莫斯科飞往纽约。
He went towards the shop quickly.
他快速地向商店走去。
He went for home.
他回家了。
He left/ set out for New York yesterday.
他昨天动身去纽约了。
（3）
表示“进去”、“出来”
这两种方向的介词为into和out of；表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用 at，in，out of等；表示目的地或位置往往用at：
When did you come into the restaurant?
你什么时候进的餐馆？
You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.
我进来的时候你不在餐馆。
We ran out of the house.
我们从屋里跑了出来。
We arrived in the country on Sunday.
星期天我们到达乡下。（范围大时用in）
We arrived at the station in the evening.
晚上我们到达车站。（范围小时用at）
（4）表示“穿过”、“越过”、“绕过”
等动作时，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介词：
词汇学习 Word study
1．pass与past
（1）动词 pass的过去式为 passed，过去分词为 passed或past。当它作及物动词用时，可以表示“经过”、“通过（考试）”或“超过”等，作不及物动词用时可以表示“（时间等）消逝”：
You passed me without even noticing me!
你从我身边经过时居然没注意到我！
Your sister passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.
你姐姐/妹妹开着她的新车从我身旁驶过，开得非常快。
I've passed/ past my French test.
我法语考试通过了。
A month has passed/ past since I left home.
我离开家已一个月了。
（2）past可以作形容词、介词、名词等。作形容词时表示“以前的”、“过去的”等：
Many things happened in the post week.
过去的这一周内发生了许多事。
Frank is proud of his past experiences.
弗兰克为自己以往的经历感到自豪。
作介词时它表示“经过”或“超出（范围等）”：
He has just walked past me.
他刚从我身边走过去。
His words are past my understanding.
我不懂他的话。
作名词时它表示“过去”、“昔时”或“往事”等：
Can you tell me something about your past?
您能给我讲讲您过去的一些事吗？
In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the New Year.
我们过去常聚集在市政厅的大钟下面迎新年。
2．next与other
next表示时间顺序上“紧接的”、“下一个”。如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the；
如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则 next前面要加the或其他修饰词：
See you next Friday.
下个星期五再见。
Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to the party.
第2天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能来参加晚会了。
the other day指时间时可以有a few days ago的意思：
Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.
前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A 1 The girl set out from the coast.
2 She jumped into the sea.
3 She swam to the shore.
B 1 to 2 from/out of 3 (up) to 4 for/ from
5 from…to/ to…from 6 at 7 to 8 from
C ( sample answers)
1 A bird flew into the room.
2 The parachutist jumped from the aeroplane.
3 The child pointed at the fat lady.
4 Put the milk in the refrigerator.
2．难点练习答案
1 the other day 2 passed 3 next 4 past
3．多项选择题答案
1 d 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 c 6 b
7 b 8 c 9c 10 c 11a 12 c
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★darkness n.
in the darkness:在没有光线的情况下
★explain v.
explanation n.
Could you give me an explanation?
interpret：强调翻译，语言之间的解释
interpretor
★coast n.
bank：河岸（两边比水面高）
seashore：海岸（为了游玩的）
seaside：海岸
coast：地理意义上的海岸线
感觉旁边是岩石，很陡峭
seashore,seaside 旁边是沙滩，可以进行日光浴的感觉
★storm n.
snowstorm：暴风雪
thunderstorm：雷雨
rain heavily
pour：倾倒
The rain is pouring.
It's raining cats and dogs.
★towards prep.
强调nearer and nearer
★rock n.
rock:huge stone
★shore n.
★light n.
★ahead adv.
asleep awake alight
a开头的往往是表语形容词
不管做表语形容词还是副词都放在名词的后面
一般的形容词都放在名词的前面
pretty flowers
light ahead
ahead表达方式：1.放在被修饰词后面做定语，定语后置
2.ahead of
He went ahead of me.
3.go ahead 朝前走，请随便
Would you mind my using your phone?
－Can I use your telephone?
…OK,go ahead.
－sorry+给出一个原因（可能是事实也可能是一个借口）
★cliff n.
★struggle v.
★hospital n.
school
1.前面不＋the，和它的功能有关系
go to hospital
一旦＋the，就只表示地点
I am in the hospital.
in hospital：住医院
in the hospital：在医院
2.去医院看望老师：
go to the hospital
自己肚子痛 go to hospital
【课文讲解】
in the darkness
happen：不及物 sth.happen to sb.
What happened to...
nearly:将近 nearly a week: 快到一个星期了
Sometime later...
Three days later,my mother returned. 强调某人做某事
。。。passed and then...
Three days passed and then my mother returned.
比列句 即强调某人在某事，又强调时间有多久
Three days passed before my mother came back. 强调这么久的时间
be able to 强调有能力还强调成功
can 强调有能力
I can swim across the river.
I was able to swim across the river.
set out：set off
be caught in + 灾难
I was caught in a rain.
As soon as he left,it began to rain.
He was caught in a rain when he left.
earthquake
遇上人－meet 遇上灾难－be caught in
struck往往强调的是猛烈的撞击 struck hard
to: 强调朝那个方向（目标）去，但没有强调越来越近
towards: 表面也翻译为朝那个方向（目标）去，距离越来越近
spend sometime＋地点
The Red army covered a distance of 2,5000...
high up
on doing=as soon as=the moment
as soon as,the moment：后面都要加从句
on：后面一定要加动词ing－－承认动词是由主句主语做的
up:往上
That's all.
That was all I wanted to say.
I can do nothing else for you. That was all I can do for you.
find+宾语＋宾补 find the books tidy
I found the books in order.
When I woke up,I found myself in bed.
time passed before
。。。a day later...
time passed and then
was caught in a storm
cover the distance of
介词后面＋ing after doing on doing
ahead hospital
【Key structures】
和时间相连的介词 in,at,on,from...to...,until,after,before
和地点相连的介词 from...to...
into: 进、入 Tell him to go into my house
只强调到那去，不一定强调到里面去；go to
out of:从。。。出来 away from
leave for ：动身去某地
Yesterday my father left for Tianjin.
head for/to 前往
leave for 强调leave head for强调去
set out for
towards: 强调越来越近
at:含有一种瞄准的概念 aim at fire at
threw to the bank threw at
【Special difficulties】
pass,past
词和词的区别：
1.意思上的区别 2.词性的区别 3.细节上的区别
pass: 只有动词的概念，余下的词性都用past
Exercise
2.passed
have done
4.past
march:行军 long march
I pass the garden.
I go past the garden.
I go and pass the garden.
next,other
next day the other day: few days ago 几天前
the other day 一旦出现一定是过去时
next day :有可能是过去时有可能是将来时
1.the other day
3.next
【Multiple choice questions】
5.How far away ...?
What's the distance ...?
6.not any more/longer/further
(b)
12. remind：提醒
memorise：记住
recollect：回忆 √
mind：介意
4. 只有谓语动词才有时态
句子中如果没有连词，但有两个动词，要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词
when是连词的标志
when+doing：1.主语要跟主句的相同；2.谓语动词含有be doing结构
(a)
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