VOA常速英语2015--报告显示克里米亚被吞并后人权恶化（在线收听）

Report: Human Rights Deteriorating in Annexed Crimea 报告显示克里米亚被吞并后人权恶化

Human rights conditions have deteriorated in Crimea since its annexation by Russia last year, with Crimean authorities accused of discriminating against minorities, suppressing freedom of expression, and forcing residents to assume Russian citizenship or leave, according to a new report.

When Russian President Vladimir Putin officially signed Crimea's annexation to the Russian Federation in March 2014, much of the world questioned what made such a brazen move possible, and in such a relatively short time.

当2014年3月俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京宣布吞并克里米亚使之成为俄罗斯联邦一部分时，全世界的很多人都在质疑这样厚颜无耻举动是如何实现的，还是在相对来说那么短的时间内完成的。

Peter Eltsov, professor at the National Defense University, told VOA what made the annexation easy was that a large segment of Crimean population favored it.

美国国防大学教授皮特·叶利佐夫告诉美国之音，吞并之所以轻而易举，是因为有很大一部分克里米亚人口对此表示支持。

"But that support one could argue was largely the result of the propaganda coming from the Russian media, portraying the Ukrainian revolution as a threat, as a serious threat to the Russian speaking population in Crimea," Eltsov said.

“但这样的支持也可以说在很大程度上是因为俄罗斯媒体的宣传，它们将乌克兰革命描述为威胁，称其是对克里米亚地区讲俄语人口的严重威胁。”

Prior to invasion

The report by Freedom House and the Atlantic Council of the United States said that prior to the invasion, Russian state media launched a concerted anti-Ukrainian propaganda campaign in Crimea, inflaming fear of the so-called "Ukrainian fascists."

自由之家的报告称，在入侵克里米亚之前，俄罗斯国家媒体在克里米亚地区联合发起反乌克兰宣传，助长了对所谓“乌克兰法西斯”的恐惧。

Russia then launched a series of events in February of last year, including a covert deployment of its heavily armed troops, and Cossack fighters who made up the so-called local "self-defense" units.  

去年2月俄罗斯发动了一系列事件，包括秘密部署其重型武器部队，以及由所谓当地“自卫”小分队组成的哥萨克士兵。

After the invasion, the report said Russia replaced local leaders with others from the Russian Federation. And when the world's focus shifted to fighting in other parts of eastern Ukraine, the new authorities began a campaign of repression against the opposition, notably Crimean Tatar minority.

报告称在入侵之后，俄罗斯将来自俄罗斯联盟的人取代了当地领袖。当全世界将关注力转向乌克兰东部其他地区的战斗时，新当局开始发起对反对派的镇压活动，主要是对克里米亚的鞑靼少数民族。

"Tatars overwhelmingly did not support the annexation because they have a very negative attitude against a very strong Russian imperial state and they constitute a very significant segment of the population. These are 300,000 people. It's a large amount of people for the overall population of Crimea," Eltsov said.

“绝对多数的鞑靼人并不支持吞并，因为他们对强大的俄罗斯帝国有着非常负面的态度，他们构成了人口相当大的一部分，有30万人，对于整个克里米亚人口来说这是很大的群体。

Freedom House said Tatars can no longer mark the anniversary of their 1944 expulsion from Crimea. Their leaders have been banned from public life and their media muzzled.

自由之家称鞑靼人不能再纪念1944年被从克里米亚驱逐周年纪念了，他们的领导人已被禁止参与公众生活，他们的媒体也被钳制。

Harassment campaign

The report said Russia organized a large-scale campaign of physical harassment and criminal prosecution against anyone who opposed the annexation.

这份报告称俄罗斯对任何反对吞并的人采取了大规模的身体骚扰和刑事指控。

Education in Ukrainian rapidly declined and not a single school out of 600 in Crimea is offering instruction fully in Ukrainian. And Crimean residents with Ukrainian passports are considered aliens as of January 1 of this year.

乌克兰的教育迅速衰落，克里米亚的600所学校中没有一所学校在全面授课，持乌克兰护照的克里米亚居民自今年1月1起就被视为异类。

International criticism and economic sanctions are likely to make President Putin even more radical, Eltsov said.

叶利佐夫说，国际上的批评的经济制裁可能让普京总统越发激进。

"He is pushed in a corner, he is pushed against a wall and he is not the type of person who is going to back off.  The question of the (Russian) population is of course much more complicated," he said.

“他被逼到角落里了，他在推着一面墙，他不是那种会放弃的人，俄罗斯人口的问题肯定会更加复杂。”

Eltsov said Russia as a nation has a history of living in deprivation. Therefore, sanctions may not have an effect on its people. He said while many oppose Putin's authoritarian style, many also support his defiance in the face of international criticism.

叶利佐夫说俄罗斯有着生活贫困的历史，因此，制裁可能对其人民不会有什么影响。他说尽管很多人反对普京专制风格，但很多人也会制裁他在国际批评面前的悍然态度。