拐卖儿童：trafficking in children

　　例句：

　　In December, 2007, China’s State Council issued the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children.

　　2007年12月，国务院印发了《中国反对拐卖妇女儿童行动计划》。

　　trafficking（n. 非法交易）泛指各种非法买卖，例如human trafficking（人口买卖）、drug trafficking（毒品交易）、wildlife trafficking（野生动物非法交易）等。不过，贩卖奴隶是个例外，一般用slave trade，而不是slave trafficking。大约是因为在历史上奴隶交易曾经是合法的。

　　中国

　　在我国，拐卖儿童和拐卖妇女并称拐卖妇女、儿童罪，处罚从五年以上有期徒刑至死刑不等。刑法第240条规定：

　　Whoever abducts and traffics in a woman or child shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined; if he falls under any of the following categories, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or sentenced to confiscation of property; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to death and also to confiscation of property.

　　拐卖妇女、儿童的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；情节特别严重的，处死刑，并处没收财产。

　　加拿大

　　在加拿大，非法买卖未成年人将被判处5年以上有期徒刑至终身监禁不等。1985年颁布的《刑法典》（Criminal Code）中规定：

　　(a)to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of six years if they kidnap, commit an aggravated assault or aggravated sexual assault against, or cause death to, the victim during the commission of the offence; or (b) to imprisonment for a term of not more than fourteen years and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of five years, in any other case.

　　(a)有绑架、严重人身伤害、严重性侵，或导致被害人死亡等情形时，处以6年以上有期徒刑，最高处以终身监禁；(b)其它情形处以5年以上、14年以下有期徒刑。

　　美国

　　美国的法律体系比较复杂，除了通行全国的联邦法之外，各州还有各自的法律。在《美国法典》（U.S. Code）中规定，贩卖人口将被处以20年以下有期徒刑，情节严重者最高可被处以终身监禁：

　　Whoever knowingly and willfully holds to involuntary servitude or sells into any condition of involuntary servitude, any other person for any term, or brings within the United States any person so held, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If death results from the violation of this section, or if the violation includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or the attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both.

　　违反对方意愿蓄意奴役他人、出售他人使其被迫被奴役、或使他人进入美国并被奴役，将被处以罚金或20年以下有期徒刑。如造成死亡，或包括绑架、蓄意绑架、严重性虐待、蓄意严重性虐待、蓄意谋杀等情形，将被处以罚金或最高终身监禁，或同时处以罚金和监禁。