地中海人口走私贩依靠躲避战祸移民发迹（在线收听）

地中海人口走私贩依靠躲避战祸移民发迹

In recent years, tens of thousands of migrants have either drowned, or died from starvation or dehydration.

近年来，成千上万的移民难逃被淹死，饿死或渴死的命运。

But the boat journey is just one stage of a vast network of people trafficking that starts in the country of origin.

但乘船旅行只是庞大人口走私网络从出发国家经历的其中一个阶段。

Andrea Di Nicola, criminology professor at the University of Trento in Italy, traveled across Africa and the Middle East interviewing those involved in the smuggling network.VOA spoke to him at Milan station, a major hub for migrants

意大利特伦托大学犯罪学教授安德里亚·迪·尼柯拉曾前往非洲和中东地区采访一些涉及网络走私的人。美国之音记者在米兰火车站采访到他。对移民者而言这里是极为重要的枢纽。

“It's like a ruthless travel agency. They work in networks, and they can ally among themselves.And even if we close the route from Libya, they will probably work from Tunisia or Algeria or again from Turkey. They are flexible and they change."

“走私网络就像是一个冷酷无情的旅行社。他们依靠网络运作而且彼此合作。即使我们关闭了利比亚的走私通道，他们可能会从突尼斯、阿尔及利亚或土耳其继续运作。这些人狡猾多变。”

Europe has called for targeted action against the people smugglers. Riccardo Fabiani of the Eurasia Group says that would be difficult, but not impossible.

欧洲已经呼吁开展打击人口走私贩的行动。欧亚集团分析人士里卡多·法比压尼表示这会很困难，但不是不可能。

“The use of drones for example to target people involved in the smuggling business, let's say. And on the other hand, Italy and other European countries have intelligence networks in Libya that they can rely on for this kind of information."

“比如使用无人机来对付人口走私贩。另一方面意大利和其他欧洲国家可以依赖在利比亚的情报网。”

The smugglers are a part of international crime syndicates earning huge sums, notes Di Nicola.

但迪·尼柯拉表示人口走私贩是国际犯罪集团的组成部分，而且他们依靠这种行为发家。

“The United Nations estimates up to 10 billion. One Pakistani guy in Italy was smuggling 700 migrants and asked each guy for 7,000 euros."

“联合国估计这些人收入高达100亿美元。在意大利的一名巴基斯坦人走私700个移民，他每人要价7000欧元。”

Nearby, Mohammed scans the arrivals board in Milan station. He's looking for his uncle, who fled the civil war in Syria and has come to Europe across the Mediterranean on a trafficker's boat. Mohammed is struggling to track him down.

而默罕默德正在米兰火车站附近翻看着列车时刻表。他在等自己的叔叔。他的叔叔为了躲避叙利亚内战搭乘人口走私船到了欧洲。默罕默德正在竭尽全力寻找他。

“He was living close to the Yarmouk refugee camp.The situation there is well known-it's very difficult and dangerous. We got the news from Libya that he had departed and the boat had arrived in Europe.”

“他先前住的地方离亚穆克难民营很近。大家都熟悉那里的情况，生活非常艰难而且充满危险。我们从利比亚了解到的消息称他已经乘船抵达欧洲。”

Despite the links to criminal gangs, it's clear the smugglers are providing a way out for Syrians and others fleeing conflict.That's why Europe must reform its migration policy, says Di Nicola.

尽管人口走私贩跟犯罪团伙有关联，但很明显他们为叙利亚和其他逃避战事的人提供一条生路。尼柯拉表示欧洲国家必须改革他们的移民政策。

“If you're going to tighten Fortress Europe, then probably they will increase prices; this is what these criminals told us. So in order to disorganize them, you need criminal law, you need investigation, but you also need prevention, reduction of opportunities and of course better policies for assisting victims."

“如果关紧欧洲大门，人口走私贩可能就会加价。这是犯罪分子们亲口跟我们说的。因此，为了瓦解他们的活动就需要刑事法介入，进行调查，但也需要预防，减少他们犯罪的机会。当然，也需要有更好的政策帮助受害者。”

Europe is determined to tackle the traffickers, but, as the death toll in the Mediterranean rises, there is a growing debate over whether the continent should open safer channels for legitimate refugees fleeing war.

欧洲国家决心应对人口走私贩。但随着地中海上移民的死亡人数增加，是否应开辟更为安全的通道让合法的难民躲避战祸引发了欧洲越来越多人的讨论。