Lesson 22:By heart 熟记台词
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end, In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'. And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
role
n. 角色
aristocrat
n. 贵族
imprison
v. 关押
Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
colleague
n. 同事
curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
reveal
v. 使显露
cell
n. 单人监房，监号
参考译文
有些剧目十分成功，以致连续上演好几年。这样一来，可怜的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的台词。人们以为，这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟，绝不会临场结巴的，但情况却并不总是这样。
有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。在最后一幕中，狱卒手持一封信上场，然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。
一天晚上，狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看他反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了。大幕拉开，最后一幕戏开演，贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。这时狱卒上场，手里拿着那封珍贵的信。狱卒走进牢房，将信交给贵族。但这回狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全，而是一张白纸。狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。贵族盯着纸看了几秒钟，然后，眼珠一转，说道：“光线太暗，请给我读一下这封信。”说完，他一下子把信递给狱卒。狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住，于是便说：“陛下，这儿光线的确太暗了，我得去眼镜拿来。”他一边说着，一边匆匆下台。贵族感到非常好笑的是：一会儿工夫，狱卒重新登台，拿来一副眼镜以及平时使用的那封信，然后为那囚犯念了起来。
自学导读
Notes on the text
课文注释
1 on end，连续不断的。
2 in many ways，在许多方面。
3 go on repeating，继续重复。 go on加上现在分词是“继续干”的意思。
4 Yet this is not always the case. 然而情况并非总是如此。
5 in the role of…，充当……角色。
6 Bastille，巴士底狱。
曾是法国巴黎的监狱。1369年始建时是一个要塞，1789年被巴黎市民攻克并捣毁。
7 insisted that it should be written out in full, insist后面所接的宾语从句，常用虚拟语气“should +动词原形”，而should又经常可以省略。
8 play a joke on…，拿……开玩笑。
9 sire是古代仆人对国王的一种尊称，现在仅用于故事和剧本。
10 Much to the aristocrat's amusement，使贵族感到非常可笑的是……。
much为副词，此处修饰其后的介词短语 to the aristocrat's amusement. much to＋sb. 's sth. 是一个常见的状语短语，有“给某人带来很大的……”的
Multiple choice questions
多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Which of the following proverbs suits the gist of the story best?
a．He laughs best, who laughs last.
b．Speech is silver, but silence is golden.
c．Look before you leap.
d．Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
2 The play in which the two actors took part ______ .
a．had had a highly successful run of twenty years
b．was about the plight of a nobleman
c．ended with the imprisonment of the aristocrat
d．had been performed so often that audiences were bored by it
3 a．he improvised the words which he had forgotten
b．the gaoler was eagerly waiting to take the aristocrat's part
c．he pretended that the light was not good enough for him to read by
d．he asked the gaoler to fetch him some glasses
Structure 结构
4 A gaoler would come on stage with a letter ______ to the prisoner. (11. 7-8)
a．to be delivering
b．and delivered
c．to deliver
d．delivered
5 He always insisted ______ in full. (1. 9)
a．on its being written out
b．on writing it out
c．to have it written out
d．that it would have to be written out
6 -to find out if he ______ the contents of the letter by heart. (11. 10-11)
a．had known
b．was knowing
c．knew
d．know
7 But he gave ______ which had not been written out in full. (11. 13-14)
a．the copy to him
b．a copy him
c．him a copy
d．him the copy
8 ______ remember a word of the letter, so he replied … (11. 17-18)
a．But neither could the gaoler
b．Nor the gaoler could
c．Also the gaoler could not
d．Either the gaoler could not
Vocabulary
词汇
9 The gaoler decided to ______ his colleague. (1. 10)
a．have a joke with
b．play the fool with
c．make fun of
d．play a trick on
10 He wanted to see if his fellow actor had ______ learnt his lines. (11. 10-11)
a．lastly
b．in the end
c．conclusively
d．finally
11 Then, ______ about him, he said, … (1. 16)
a．searching
b．peering
c．blinking
d．staring
12 Agreeing that the light was dim, the gaoler ______ he would get his glasses. (1. 18)
a．spoke
b．informed
c．said
d．rejoined
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
★lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
★part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
★falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
stammmer
He has practised the poem several times,so he has no cause to falter.
蹒跚而行，stagger He faltered home.
★cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero.
★role
n. 角色
★aristocrat
n. 贵族
★imprison
v. 关押
put sb imprison 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years.
imprisonment n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment
判名人终生监禁
监狱：prison,jail,gaol
send sb to prison
put sb in prison
throw sb into prison
in prison: 坐牢，the prison
He is in prison(jail).
He is behind bars.
★Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
★gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
★colleague
n. 同事
★curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
★reveal
v. 使显露
The secret hasn't been revealed.
reveal: 揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose: 揭发
disclose the truth
discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure.
revealable. adj.可展现的
revealer: 探测器
★cell
n. 单人监房，监号
★blank
adj. 空白的
★squint
v. 眯着（眼）看，瞄
squint one's eyes
He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at: 眯着眼睛看
★dim
adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can't read the letter.
gloomy:(天气,心情)抑郁的
The weather is gloomy today.
He is in gloomy mood.
dusky:(天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
I can't go out at murky night.
misty: 多雾的，迷蒙的
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
★sire
n. （古用法）陛下
★proceed
v. 继续进行
particular after stopping
proceed to/with: 进行继续某事
Let's proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work.
proceed from: 从什么着手开始继续
They proceed from lesson 1.
proceed against: 起诉某人
He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
【课文讲解】
By heart:熟记台词
on end= continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后
He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end
on end: 竖着＝upright
The cat's for stood on end.
I got a big shock so my heart stood on end.
who=actor,关系代词做主语，不能省略
The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
learn/know by heart :把什么牢记在心
The sentence isto important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul: 全心全意的，全身心的
We sever the students heart and soul.
take heart:鼓起勇气，恢复信心
lose heart:失去信心
lose heart to sb=give heart to sb: 亲信于某人
The boy lost his heart to the girl.
put one's heart into sth:致力于某事
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
have one's heart in one's boots.:提心吊胆
He had his heart in his boots when he went out along at night.
which->letter
even though=even if=though/although
at each performance= at every performance
insist:坚决要求，suggest:建议，order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求
表示建议／要求／希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should+动词原形的虚拟，should可以省略
in full=fully=completely
play a joke(cheek)on sb: 开某人玩笑
on the final act=in the last act
behind bars:铁窗之后
with独立主格结构
precious
ha nd to = present sth to= pass to
as usual
look on:旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语
stare at
ing形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语
promptly=immediately
现在分词做状语
with this 说完这话
hurry off
much用来加强语气
which->letter
He laughs best who laughs last.
【Exercises】
1. ...A
He laughs best,who laughs last.
2. ...C
end with...以...结束
3. ...C
Structure
4.C
with a letter独立主格结构
with a letter for the prisoner.
5.A
insist that+should
insist on + 名词，动名词
6.C
7.C
give him a copy
a 表示任意的一份；the表示特指
8.A
neither,nor用于句首，句子倒装
Vocabulary
9.D
play a joke on 开玩笑；play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐
have a joke with sb.和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐
I've just had a joke with my classmate.
10.D
finally最后
lastly顺序上的最后
in the end强调最终失败的结果
He worked harder and harder,but in the end he failed.
11.B
peer about 眯着眼睛看
When you enter a cinema,you often have to peer about...
search搜寻，寻找；search for sth.
blink眨眼睛
stare盯着看；stare at
12.C
inform表示正式的通知
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