Lesson 29:Funny or not?
是否可笑？
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the basis of 'sick' humour?
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on were we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called 'sick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situation like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctors did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Years' Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
largely
adv. 在很大程度上
comic
adj. 喜剧的，可笑的
universal
adj. 普通的
comedian
n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员
distasteful
adj. 讨厌的
pester
v. 一再要求，纠缠
dread
v. 惧怕
recovery
n. 康复
plaster
n. 熟石膏
console
v. 安慰，慰问
hobble
v. 瘸着腿走
compensate
v. 补偿
mumble
v. 喃喃而语
参考译文
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。
大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民族不同，有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。比如说，不管你生活在哪里，你看查理.卓别林的早期电影很难不发笑。然而，近来一种新式幽默流行了起来，这种幽默主要来自美国。它被叫作“病态幽默”。喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个“病态幽默”的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。
圣诞节前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住医生，让医生告诉他什么时候能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。尽管医生竭力医治，但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天，他的右腿还上着石膏，他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而，第二天，医生安慰他说，出院欢度新年的可能性还是很大的，那人听后振作了精神。果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快的经历，那人喝得稍许多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大家他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。
新概念英语正版图书购买
自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．The‘taxi’is a small Swiss aeroplane called a‘Pilatus Porter’.
这辆“出租汽车”是一架小型瑞士飞机，叫“皮勒特斯·波特”号。
（1）taxi加引号是因为它不是一辆真正的出租汽车而是飞机。
（2）Swiss aeroplane是指瑞士生产的飞机。
（3） called a‘Pilatus Porter’是个过去分词短语，作aeroplane的定语，在意思上和一个定语从句差不多，即which is called a‘Pilatus Porter’。一般说来，过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词／代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则往往放在所修饰的名词／代词前面：
It can land on a ploughed field.
它可以在耕过的田里降落。
He landed in a deserted car park.
他降落在了一个废弃的停车场上。
过去分词ploughed和deserted都位于它们所修饰的名词之前。
2．The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. 然而，最令人惊奇的是它能够在任何地方降落：雪地上，水面上，甚至刚耕过的田里。
（1）表示转折的连词however可以位于句首、句末或句中，其意义不变。大多数情况下它位于句中，前后用逗号隔开。
（2）从句 that it can land anywhere在句子中起表语作用，是表语从句，that为引导词，it代指this wonderful plane。
（3） on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field是 anywhere的同位语，举例说明这架飞机可以在哪些地方降落。
3．…Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.……弗西特机长已经载送乘客到过许多不寻常的地方。
我们已经学过fly作为不及物动词的用法，其意义为“飞”、“飞行”：
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
飞机正从河上飞过。
在本课中，fly为及物动词，意思为“空运（乘客）”：
He has flown his car to France.
他已将他的汽车空运到法国。
语法 Grammar in use
一般过去时与现在完成时
在第5课的语法中我们已学过与一般过去时和现在完成时连用的一些时间状语，在第28课的语法中又复习了与现在完成时连用的时间状语。对比这两种时态时，我们一方面要注意它们的时间状语的区别，另一方面要注意一般过去时往往强调动作本身，而现在完成时则表示始于过去并持续到现在的动作或表示过去不确定的时间发生过的并与现在有某种联系的动作。
但介词for和since引导的时间状语通常与现在完成时连用，虽然for有时可以与一般过去时连用。
I painted the picture last month/five days ago.
我上个月／5天前画的这幅画。（一般过去时与具体时间连用）
词汇学习 Word study
1．refuse与deny
当refuse作为及物／不及物动词表示“拒绝接受”时，不可与deny混用：
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused（payment）.
他帮助了我，为此我提出要酬谢他，但是他拒绝接受（酬谢）。
但是，当refuse作为及物动词表示“拒绝给予”、“拒绝要求”时，它与deny可以互相替换：
Captain Fawcett has just refused/denied a strange request from a businessman.
弗西特机长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪要求。
All those not holding tickets will be refused/denied entry.
无票者不得入内。
deny最常用的含义是“否认（指控、做过某事等）”，refuse则没有这个意义：
The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter.
那秘书不承认她偷了那封信。
2．bring，take与fetch
bring表示从某处将某物“带来”； take表示“拿走”；fetch则表示去某地将某物“取来”，是个双程的动作，（bring与take则表示单程的）：
If you're going to the kitchen, would you mind bringing me a glass of water please?
如果你去厨房的话，请给我带杯水来好吗？
Did he bring you a gift last Sunday?
上星期天他给你带礼物了吗？
Please fetch me a glass of water.
请帮我取一杯水来。
Take this glass of water to your father.
把这杯水拿给你父亲。
3．too与very
very与too都表示程度，very的意思是“非常”、“很”，too表示“太”、“过于”：
This bus is going very slowly.
这辆公共汽车走得非常慢。（very只描述状况，不涉及后果）
This bus is going too slowly. I'll miss the train.
这辆公共汽车走得太慢了。我会赶不上火车的。（too表示“太……”以至于引起某种后果）
Tom's very clever.
汤姆很聪明。
Tom's too clever. He won't believe such a thing.
汤姆太聪明了，他不会相信这种事的。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A What happened：flew(1.6)；landed(1.8)；landed(1.9)；wanted(1.10)；did not take(1.11)
What has happened：has bought(1.1)； has begun(1.1)；has flown(11.7-8)；has just refused(11.9-10)
2．难点练习答案
1 bring 2 fetch 3 refused 4 deny 5 Very
3．多项选择题答案
1b 2c 3c 4b 5d 6b
7a 8b 9b 10b 11c 12b
New words and expressions
☆taxi n.出租汽车
taxi driver 出租司机
take a taxi / take a bus / take a lift
☆land vi.着陆
Whose plane landed in the field.
☆plough v.耕地
n.犁
farm 农田
☆lonely adj.偏僻的，人迹罕见的
lonely （人） 孤独的/ cold fish
She felt lonely.（感觉）（主观）
She is alone.（事实）（客观）
Home alone 独自在家
☆roof n.楼顶
ceiling 天花板
raise the roof v.喧哗，大声抱怨
hit the ceilling (美口)勃然大怒，暴跳如雷
☆block n.一座大楼;块
a block of flats 公寓楼
office block 办公楼
☆flat n.公寓房
apartment 公寓（美）
a block of apartments 公寓楼
☆desert v.废弃 n.沙漠（重音迁移）
desert the house = let the room empty
text
☆captain 船长/机长
☆called
call sb sth.
The instument was called a clavichord.
be called 被称为
The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'
called 在此句中为过去分词
过去分词作定语时，是作为被动语态来翻译的。-ing表示正在。
I have a cat called Lucy.
-ing; -ed 是非谓语动词
a ploughed field 被耕过的田
a deserted car park 被废弃的车场
written English 书面语
spoken English 口语
短语作定语时要后置
a race across the Atlantic(介词短语)
单个的词作定语时可放前边
★The most surprising thing is that...最让我惊讶的
To my surprise,....
surprising 可以由其他词替换
The most exciting thing is that...
The happiest thing is that I can stay with my mother.
☆the 不能和所有格及形容词物主代词并存。
☆from ...to... 从...到...
☆since then / so far / up to now
since then 强调起点
so for / up to now 强调终点
from then 从...起
since then 从...起（到现在为止）
by then /by that time 到...为止
☆fly sb to..开飞机送某人去
My friend drove me to Tianjing.
drive sb to...开车送某人去
☆once 一次
on another occasion 还有一次
once i met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library.
★once...and on another occasion
☆request from 来自某人的请求
request for sth. 要求得到
☆take sb to school 送某人上学
☆too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义
very 强调程度深
too 强调程度达到了人们不愿意去做
very expensive 买得起
too expensive 买不起
Sepcial difficulties
☆refuse / deny
refuse 拒绝
deny 否认
refuse to do sth
deny doing /+从句
☆bring / take / fetch
bring 带来（离说话人越来越）
bring sth here
take 拿走（离说话人越来越远）
take there
fetch 取来（去了再回来）双向动词
☆sow / seed
sow 种下去
seed 把种子种下去
☆spot = place
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