1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.

　　3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.

　　4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.

　　5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.

　　6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.

　　7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.

　　8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.

　　9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.

　　10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge承认　v.

　　12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.

　　13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.

　　14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.

　　15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.

　　16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.

　　17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的 adv.

　　18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.

　　19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.

　　20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.

　　22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.

　　24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.

　　25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.

　　27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.

　　28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.

　　29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.

　　30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.

　　31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.

　　32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.

　　33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.

　　34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.

　　35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.

　　36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的adj.

　　37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.

　　38. require=demand=need=call for 要求v.

　　39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.

　　40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.

　　41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.

　　42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.

　　43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.

　　44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.