【英语时差8,16】皇室疾病-下（在线收听）

So how did scientists confirm that it was hemophilia that plagued the royals? By analyzing the DNA of Victoria’s great grandson, Prince Alexei Romanov. He was murdered along with his entire family during the onset of the Russian Revolution in 1918. Using bone fragments, the scientists identified genetic markers for hemophilia B. Prince Alexei shared the same troublesome DNA as other male members of Queen Victoria’s exclusive gene pool. So the finding confirmed that all the royals who bled to death did so because of hemophilia. Today, clotting factors and other medications can effectively control hemophilia. But during the 19th century, when no remedy was available, bleeding without end usually meant that you’d reached the end–royalty or not.