考前四级语法必知(2)(在线收听) |
关于dare的意义和用法 作为情态动词表示“胆敢”,dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如:
I dare not go there.
How dare he say such rude things about me?
dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式,其否定式为daren’t,既可指现在时间,也可指过去时间。例如:
Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.
dare还可用主动词,随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如:
He does not dare (to) answer.
Does she dare (to) go there alone?
近义词辨析
besides, but, except, except for
这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。
besides “除…外,还有…”,指更进一步的拥有,包括所“除”事物在内。
Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?
but不包括所引事物在内,多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用。
He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人,只能怪他自己。
except不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything等连用,但不可用于句首。
They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。
except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外,整体情况尚属理想,被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。
The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外,路面很空旷。
定语从句中关系代词that的用法
1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如:
They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.
2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如:
He is the best student that I have ever met.
3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中,和相应的疑问句中。如:
What is it that he wants?
4)在only, all, little的后面
This is all that I know.
5)在no, every, some和any等词后面,也包括在它们的复合词在内。如:
There is no person that is always in the right.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
近义词辨析
beautiful, good looking, handsome, lovely, pretty
这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。
Beautiful指能不仅给人带来感官上的快乐,而且通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦,在同类词中层次最高。
She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂亮了。
Good looking 不如handsome, pretty意思强烈,指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。
That good looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。
handsome 通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。一个人如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求,但不激发更深层的感受。
He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。
lovely比感官的快乐更进一步,是强调纯粹情感上的愉悦,指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。
Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。
pretty也是“漂亮、可爱”的意思。很少形容大而有影响力的事物,多形容事物不以其优秀、完美而以小巧、优雅、精致见长,使人容易接受并喜爱。
Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友觉得她是镇上最漂亮的女孩。 |
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