essence /ˈesns/

The union and management held a lengthy meeting 

without getting to the essence of the men's dissatisfaction -- low wages. 

 

-- most necessary or significant part, aspect or feature; fundamental nature; core

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

n. 本质；精髓

工会与管理层召开漫长的会议，

却无法触及工人不满的核心——低薪。

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prerequisite /ˌpri:'rekwəzɪt/

A mark of at least 75% in Basic Art is a prerequisite for Advanced Art.

 

-- somthing required beforehand

 

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n. 先决条件

基础艺术得分在75分以上是续修高等艺术的先决条件。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

 

entail /inˈteil/

Can your family afford the extra expense that a larger apartment entails?

 

-- involve as a necessary consequence; impose; require

 

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vt. 需要

你的家庭负担得起较大公寓所需的额外费用吗？

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

necessitate /nə'sesɪteɪt/

Mr. Brown told Ellen that her refusal to work necessitates his sending for her parents.

 

-- make necessary; require; demand 

 

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vt. 需要

布朗先生告诉埃伦，他必须告诉他父母他拒绝工作的事。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

oblige /əˈblaidʒ/

If your friend were in trouble, wouldn't you feel obliged to go to his help?

 

-- compel; force; put under a duty or obiligation

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

vi. 强迫；使负有义务

如果朋友有困难，你不觉得有义务帮他吗？

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

obviate /'ɒbvɪeɪt/

Helen has agreed to lend me the book I need. This obviates my trip to the library.

 

-- make unnecessary; preclude

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

vt. 排除；使不必要

海伦同意把我需要的书借给我，这使我不必跑图书馆了。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

compulsory /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

State law makes attendence at school compulsory for children of certain ages.

 

-- required by authority; obligatory

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 义务的；必须做的

州法律规定，达到一定年龄的小孩都必须上学。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

gratuitous /ɡrə'tju:ɪtəs/

Were it not for your gratuitous interference, the children would have quickly settled their dispute.

 

-- uncalled for; unwarranted

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 没必要的

要不是你多余的干涉，孩子们也许很快就会停止争论的。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

imperative /ɪm'perətɪv/

If you failed a subject you need for graduation, it is imperative that you go to summer school.

 

-- not to be avoided; urgent; necessary; obligatory; compulsory

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 必须的；紧急的

如果有一门必修课不及格，你就必须去上暑期学校。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

incumbent /ɪn'kʌmbənt/

Dan felt it incumbent on him to pay for the window, since he had hit the ball that broke it.

 

-- (with on or upon) imposed as a duty; obligatory

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 使负有义务的

丹觉得他有义务赔偿这块玻璃，因为这是他打球时弄破的。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

indispensable /ˌɪndisˈpensəbl/

We can do without luxuries and entertainment. 

However, food, shelter and clothing are indispensable.

 

-- absolutely necessary; essential

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 不可缺少的

我们可以不要奢侈品和娱乐，

但是食物、住所和衣服却是不可缺少的，

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/

Before preparing for tomorrow's party, I have some more pressing matters to attend to,

such as finishing my report.

 

-- requiring immediate attention; urgent

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 急切的

在为明天的宴会做准备前，我有更急切的事要办，比如完成报告。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

 

superfluous /su:ˈpɜ:fluəs/

Since we already have enough food for the picnic, 

please don't bring any because it will only be superfluous.

 

-- more than what is enough or necessary; surplus; excessive; unnecessary

 

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌

adj. 多余的

我们野餐所需的食物已经足够了，请别带任何吃的来，

因为那只会是多余的。

﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌