记者：您在领导方面所学习到的最重要的内容是什么呢？

　　lger: What I’ve really learned over time is that optimism is a very, very important part of leadership. However, you need a dose of realism with it. People don't like to follow pessimists. I，d say that I've also learned, in general, to be more patient. I’ve learned to be more focused. I’ve learned to listen better and manage reaction time better. What I mean by that is not overreacting to things that are said to me, because sometimes it’s easy to do that.

　　伊格尔：这么长时间以来，我真正学习到的东西就是，乐观主义是领导过程中很重要很重要的一部分。但是，同时你也需要面对现实。人们不想跟着悲观主义者一起工作。还有一点我想说的就是，要学会更加有耐心。我也通过学习变得更加专注，去更好的倾听别人的意见，并且更好的管理反应的时间。我的意思并不是指对任何我所听到的都有过度的反应，因为有的时候人往往很容易那样做。

　　Reporter: Tell me about your best and worst bosses,

　　记者：请跟我们说一下您遇到的最好的和最不好的老板。

　　lger: I’ve worked for some great leaders. Roone Arledge was a consummate perfectionist. He drove everybody to levels of perfection or to come as close as possible to it. You exhausted every possibility there was to make something great or make something better. Tom Murphy and Dan Burke taught me the importance of trust and managing people. You could learn from them but you also had the opportunity to go out and take those learnings and actually apply them on your own. There was a decentralized approach to the way they ran the company. Michael Eisner brought me into different types of creativity. I had been mostly a television executive and he taught me about creativity on almost every level，in every direction, from theme—park attractions to stage plays. My first boss at ABC told me I wasn’t promotable, so I’d have to put him in the category of “bad boss.” Clearly he had poor judgment.

　　伊格尔：我为很多优秀的领导工作过。 鲁恩阿利奇是一个完美主义者，他使每个人都做到最完美的状态，或者尽最大可能地做到完美，跟着他一起工作， 你会去尝试任何一个可能使事情变得更加完美的可能性。汤姆墨菲和丹.博克教给我信任和管理的重要性，你可以从他们身上学习到这些品质，同时你也能够走出去，将你所学的这些品质应用到自己的身上。他们管理公司的方式就是将权利下放。迈克尔艾斯纳教给了我不同种类的创新。我曾经是一个电视方面的主管，他教给了我如何进行每一个层面的创新，从主题乐园对顾客的吸引到舞台表演等每个方面。我在美国广播公司工作时的第一个老板跟我说，我经不起提拔，所以我把他列入"不好的老板"行列中，很显然，他的判断能力很差。

　　Reporter: How did you react to that?

　　记者：您对那的反应如何呢？

　　Iger： Well, when you’re 23 years old and you’re told you’re not promotable, there’s something kind of surprising to you about that, particularly when you’ve just embarked on a career and you have hopes for yourself-not necessarily high hopes, but I had hopes. I’d say it was just shocking. I don’t remember even being able to react, but I found another job very quickly, fortunately, within the company. It’s obviously a profound moment in your career. And the moment remains pretty vivid in my mind.

　　伊格尔：你23岁的时候，有人告诉你说你是不会被提拔的，那会让你感觉到很吃惊，尤其那是你刚刚事业起步的时候，是你对自己还充满着各种希望的时候不一定是很高的希望，但是我那个时候确实是对自己抱有希望的。我对他的那种说法感到很吃惊，所以我根本不记得自己当时有什么力气去回应他。但是幸运的是，我很快的又在那家公司里找到了另外一份新的工作。那显然是我的职业生涯中对我意义重大的一个时刻， 而且我现在仍然记忆犹新。