美国国家公共电台 NPR 7 Years After BP Oil Spill, Oyster Farming Takes Hold In South（在线收听）

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A new kind of farming is taking hold here in Alabama, oyster aquaculture along the Gulf Coast. Some commercial fishermen now harvest oysters. NPR's Debbie Elliott, whom we know, reports.

DEBBIE ELLIOTT, BYLINE: You drive 8 miles down a dirt road through the swamps of southwest Alabama nearly to the Gulf of Mexico to find the Zirlott family's oyster farm. Lane Zirlott greets me on a strip of land that juts into Sandy Bay.

LANE ZIRLOTT: The point used to be called Myrtle Point.

ELLIOTT: As in the woman's name Myrtle. But legend has it the name changed after a deadly dispute over oyster territory in 1929.

ZIRLOTT: Two men got in an argument over the rights to the lease. One guy came back that afternoon. He killed the other guy. And so, from that time forward, they called it Murder Point. So we kind of adopted the name and put it with the tag line oysters worth killing for.

ELLIOTT: The Murder Point Oyster farm covers about 2 and a half acres in the bay. There are 10 long rows of wood piling and PVC piping. Oblong oyster baskets hang from lines strung between them. Farmers wade into the chest-deep water to shake the oyster baskets.

(SOUNDBITE OF OYSTER BASKET RATTLING)

ELLIOTT: Zirlott says they're knocking the edges off the shell, keeping it more compact and forcing the oyster inside to grow deep and plump instead of wide and flat.

ZIRLOTT: We found that the petite oyster was the way to go - deep cupped, 2 and a half, 3 inches max - perfect, little, one-shot oyster.

(SOUNDBITE OF OYSTER BASKET RATTLING)

ELLIOTT: He's got 1.8 million oysters in the water, all intended for the premium half-shell market to make the raw-bar menu alongside more well-known farmed oysters from the East and West coasts. His clients include trendy spots in Houston and New Orleans.

ZIRLOTT: So what we've been doing is trying to redefine what people are thinking of a Southern Gulf oyster.

ELLIOTT: The Gulf oyster industry suffered a blow during the 2010 BP oil spill. And while wild-oyster harvesting from reefs is back in business. The industry is still not up to pre-spill levels. This off-bottom farming has taken off since. There were no oyster farms in the Gulf of Mexico in 2009. Now there are dozens from Louisiana to Florida, according to Auburn University marine scientist Bill Walton, also known as Dr. Oyster because he spawns oysters at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab on the Alabama coast.

(SOUNDBITE OF LARVAE BEING POURED)

BILL WALTON: The fertilized egg that we put in this tank - within a day, it's a swimming larva that actually has to eat. And it's swimming around, and it's got a stomach. And, I mean, it's a critter.

ELLIOTT: The hatchery produces oyster seed to sell to farmers. Walton says the industry is still young. But he's hopeful it can be an option for people looking to make a living on the coast.

WALTON: Even in 2008, 2009, you had people before the oil spill who weren't sure - do you tell your teenage son or daughter to go into shrimping? But you don't want to move away. You don't want to leave your family. So how do you keep - how do you stay living in your community, working on the water?

ELLIOTT: For Lane Zirlott, a fifth-generation commercial fisherman, oyster farming was a way back home.

ZIRLOTT: We shrimped from the Texas-Mexican border as far as Virginia at times. And so you had to be gone. It was coming - I got a little boy, got a little girl. It was time for me to be home. But what to do?

ELLIOTT: His mother took an aquaculture class and got the family to try oyster farming about three years ago. Now Murder Point is looking to double in size and open its own hatchery. Zirlott says he's encouraging his children to get degrees in biology.

ZIRLOTT: I'm looking to keep a tradition alive but by new modern ways to do it.

ELLIOTT: He touts Murder Points as the ultimate farm-to-table food and uses social media to market with the hashtag #butterlove. That's for the flavor.

ZIRLOTT: When you get past the salt, right now you're starting to taste a rich, creamy, buttery aftertaste. So when you swallow it, you've got butter. Yeah? Did you taste it?

ELLIOTT: Yeah. Yeah.

ZIRLOTT: (Laughter).

ELLIOTT: Mega chef Emeril Lagasse's Instagram recently featured a shot of an iced down platter of raw oysters he was having at Fisher's Restaurant in Orange Beach, Ala. They were Murder Points. Debbie Elliott, NPR News.