We consistently underestimate ourselves. 我们始终在低估自己。

Multiple studies in multiple industries show that women often judge their own performance as worse than it actually is, 各项研究都表明，女性对自身表现的评价普遍低于实际情况，

while men judge their own performance as better than it actually is. 而男性则会过高地评价自己的表现。

Assessments of students in a surgery rotation found that when asked to evaluate themselves, 研究人员在对手术室轮岗学生表现的评估中发现，当问到对自己的评价时，

the female students gave themselves lower scores than the male students despite faculty evaluations that showed the women outperformed the men. 女生给自己的分数普遍比男生要低，尽管其教员的评估显示女生的表现要优于男生。

A survey of several thousand potential political candidates revealed that despite having comparable credentials, 对几千名潜在的政治候选人的调查揭示，尽管拥有相同的资质证书，

the men were about 60 percent more likely to think that they were "very qualified" to run for political office. 男性认为自己“完全有资格”担当政治职务的可能性比女性高出约60%。

A study of close to one thousand Harvard law students found 对哈佛法学院近1000名学生的研究发现，

that in almost every category of skills relevant to practicing law, women gave themselves lower scores than men. 在与法律实践相关的每种技能上，女生给自己的分数都比男生要低。

Even worse, when women evaluate themselves in front of other people or in stereotypically male domains, 更糟糕的是，当女性在其他人面前，或是在人们惯常认为是男性主导的领域中评价自己时，

their underestimations can become even more pronounced. 她们低估自己能力的现象就更加明显。

Ask a man to explain his success and he will typically credit his own innate qualities and skills. 如果让一个男性解释自己的成功，他通常会归因于自己内在的天赋、才能和技巧；

Ask a woman the same question and she will attribute her success to external factors, 如果问女性同样的问题，她一般会将成功归因于外部因素：

insisting she did well because she "worked really hard," or "got lucky," or "had help from others." 之所以表现得好是因为她们“真的非常努力工作”，“运气不错”，或“有别人的帮助”。